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bash - 如何使用 exec 执行任意查找命令

问题描述

在 bash 脚本中，我想根据我传递给脚本的参数定义一个commandstring指定选项和初选的 。find然后我想用这些选项和初选exec来调用。find

一般来说，我希望能够定义我可以在命令行上运行的任何调用，并且它在一个子shell中。特别是，我希望能够排除包含 linefeed=LF=newline= 的文件名。findexec$'\n'

当我使用参数调用下面的示例脚本时easy，它会打印所有包含空格的文件名，并按exec预期工作。但是，如果我使用参数调用它hard，则exec无法按预期工作。

正如您在下面看到的，如果我对 command 进行硬编码find . -name *$'\n'*，它会按预期工作。但如果我把它放进去commandstring，它不会。有没有办法解决这个问题？

我没有更高版本的 bash 可用，在我的 macOS 上坚持使用版本 3。

该脚本称为junk：

#!/bin/bash  
set -f
bash --version

if [[ ${1} = easy ]]
then
    printf '***%s***\n' "${1}"
    commandstring="find .  -name *[[:space:]]* "
elif [[ ${1} = hard ]]
then
    printf '***%s***\n' "${1}"
    commandstring="find . -name *$'\n'* "
else
    printf '%s\n' "first argument=${1} but must be either easy or hard."
    exit 1
fi
declare -p commandstring; printf '%s\n' "commandstring=${commandstring}";

printf -- '-------------------------------\n%s\n' "hard-coded hard commandstring inside this script:"
find . -name *$'\n'* 

printf -- '-------------------------------\n%s\n' "hard-coded easy commandstring inside this script:"
find .  -name *[[:space:]]* 

printf -- '-------------------------------\n%s\n' 'Now test exec with the commandstring, inside $( subshell )'

junk=$( 
    {
        set -f
        printf '%s\n' "Now inside subshell, will exec"
        declare -p commandstring; printf '%s\n' "commandstring=${commandstring}";
        exec $commandstring  
    } > /dev/stderr ; 
)

printf '%s\n' 'got past $( subshell ); now try to exec it inside the script'
exec $commandstring  
printf '%s\n' 'should never get here, because it comes after exec'

它的行为方式：

> find . -type f
./easy
./newlineBEF
newlineAFT
./tabBEF    tabAFT
./okay
./spaceBEF  AFTspace
./zzz
> ls -lT ./*
-rw-r--r--  1 BNW  staff  10 Oct 19 20:15:36 2019 ./easy
-rw-r--r--  1 BNW  staff  11 Oct 20 12:08:24 2019 ./newlineBEF?newlineAFT
-rw-r--r--  1 BNW  staff  13 Oct 19 20:15:43 2019 ./okay
-rw-r--r--  1 BNW  staff  14 Oct 20 12:37:19 2019 ./spaceBEF  AFTspace
-rw-r--r--  1 BNW  staff  10 Oct 19 20:14:01 2019 ./tabBEF?tabAFT
-rw-r--r--  1 BNW  staff   0 Feb 26 11:30:54 2019 ./zzz
> junk easy
GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin18)
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
***easy***
declare -- commandstring="find .  -name *[[:space:]]* "
commandstring=find .  -name *[[:space:]]* 
-------------------------------
hard-coded hard commandstring inside this script:
./newlineBEF
newlineAFT
-------------------------------
hard-coded easy commandstring inside this script:
./newlineBEF
newlineAFT
./tabBEF    tabAFT
./spaceBEF  AFTspace
-------------------------------
Now test exec with the commandstring, inside $( subshell )
Now inside subshell, will exec
declare -- commandstring="find .  -name *[[:space:]]* "
commandstring=find .  -name *[[:space:]]* 
./newlineBEF
newlineAFT
./tabBEF    tabAFT
./spaceBEF  AFTspace
got past $( subshell ); now try to exec it inside the script
./newlineBEF
newlineAFT
./tabBEF    tabAFT
./spaceBEF  AFTspace
> junk hard
GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin18)
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
***hard***
declare -- commandstring="find . -name *\$'\\n'* "
commandstring=find . -name *$'\n'* 
-------------------------------
hard-coded hard commandstring inside this script:
./newlineBEF
newlineAFT
-------------------------------
hard-coded easy commandstring inside this script:
./newlineBEF
newlineAFT
./tabBEF    tabAFT
./spaceBEF  AFTspace
-------------------------------
Now test exec with the commandstring, inside $( subshell )
Now inside subshell, will exec
declare -- commandstring="find . -name *\$'\\n'* "
commandstring=find . -name *$'\n'* 
got past $( subshell ); now try to exec it inside the script
>

标签： bashfindexeclinefeed

解决方案

感谢答案：以下脚本的行为符合要求。

#!/bin/bash  
set -f
bash --version
argARRAY=( "$@" )
declare -p argARRAY
find "${argARRAY[@]}"

两次调用：

> junk .
GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin18)
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
declare -a argARRAY='([0]=".")'
.
./easy
./newlineBEF
newlineAFT
./tabBEF    tabAFT
./okay
./spaceBEF  AFTspace
./zzz
> junk  . -name *$'\n'*
GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin18)
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
declare -a argARRAY='([0]="." [1]="-name" [2]="*
*")'
./newlineBEF
newlineAFT

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