c# - 单元测试 - 模拟 - 可覆盖问题 - 扩展方法
问题描述
我正在尝试为以下 Azure 搜索方法编写单元测试:
public async Task Write(ISearchIndexClient indexClient, Search search)
{
await UploadContents(indexClient, search.SearchContents);
}
private static async Task UploadContents(ISearchIndexClient indexClient, IReadOnlyCollection<dynamic> searchContents) => await Task.Run(() => indexClient.Documents.Index(IndexBatch.Upload(searchContents)));
单元测试代码1:
public async Task Write_Success()
{
var searchIndexClientMock = new Mock<ISearchIndexClient>();
searchIndexClientMock
.Setup(x => x.Documents.Index(It.IsAny<IndexBatch<Document>>(), It.IsAny<SearchRequestOptions>()))
.Returns(It.IsAny<DocumentIndexResult>()).Callback(() => IndexBatch.Upload(It.IsAny<IEnumerable<Document>>()));
var pushFunction = new SearchIndexWriter();
Search search = new Search();
await pushFunction.Write(searchIndexClientMock.Object, search);
//Assert, Verify checks
}
我收到以下错误:
消息:System.NotSupportedException:不支持的表达式:... => ....Index(It.IsAny>(), It.IsAny()) 扩展方法(此处:DocumentsOperationsExtensions.Index)可能无法用于设置/验证表达式。
单元测试代码 2:
public async Task Write_Success()
{
var searchIndexClientMock = new Mock<ISearchIndexClient>();
searchIndexClientMock
.SetupGet(x => x.Documents).Returns(It.IsAny<IDocumentsOperations>());
var pushFunction = new SearchIndexWriter();
var search = new Search()
{
SearchContents = new List<dynamic>(),
};
await pushFunction.Write(searchIndexClientMock.Object, search);
//Verify, Assert logic
}
我收到以下错误:
消息:System.NullReferenceException:对象引用未设置为对象的实例。
在 Microsoft.Azure.Search.DocumentsOperationsExtensions.Index[T](IDocumentsOperations 操作,IndexBatch^1 批次,SearchRequestOptions searchRequestOptions,CancellationToken cancelToken)
在 Microsoft.Azure.Search.DocumentsOperationsExtensions.Index[T](IDocumentsOperations 操作,IndexBatch^1 批次,搜索请求选项搜索请求选项)
如何测试上传功能?
解决方案
您基本上是在尝试测试 3rd 方依赖项的功能。尽管这些依赖项具有可以模拟的抽象,但它们需要进行不必要的设置来隔离它们以进行单元测试,这对我来说是一种代码味道。
我建议抽象出第 3 方的依赖
private readonly ISearchService service;
//...assuming service injected
public SearchIndexWriter(ISearchService service) {
this.service = service;
}
public Task Write(ISearchIndexClient indexClient, Search search) {
return service.UploadContents(indexClient, search.SearchContents);
}
尽量避免与静态关注点紧密耦合,因为这会使孤立的单元测试变得困难。
服务定义看起来像
public interface ISearchService {
Task UploadContents(ISearchIndexClient indexClient, IReadOnlyCollection<dynamic> searchContents);
}
用一个简单的实现来包装外部依赖
public class SearchService : ISearchService {
private Task UploadContents(ISearchIndexClient indexClient, IReadOnlyCollection<dynamic> searchContents)
=> indexClient.Documents.IndexAsync(IndexBatch.Upload(searchContents));
}
不要再为试图测试你无法控制的代码而感到压力了。而是专注于您可以控制的逻辑。
public async Task Write_Success() {
//Arrange
var serviceMock = new Mock<ISearchService>();
serviceMock
.Setup(_ => _.UploadContents(It.IsAny<ISearchIndexClient>(), It.IsAny<IReadOnlyCollection<It.AnyType>>())
.ReturnsAsync(new object());
var searchIndexClientMock = Mock.Of<ISearchIndexClient>();
var pushFunction = new SearchIndexWriter(serviceMock.Object);
Search search = new Search();
//Act
await pushFunction.Write(searchIndexClientMock.Object, search);
//Assert, Verify checks
//...
}
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