email - 通过 smtp 通过 sendmail 发送电子邮件时面临连接重置和超时错误。如何解决这个问题？

Question

我在配置 sendmail 以通过 smtp 发送电子邮件时遇到问题。我的目标是能够使用 smtp 从 php 应用程序发送邮件。我必须将一些旧的遗留 php 应用程序迁移到新服务器，它使用标准的“mail()”php 函数，我不能修改代码，所以我不能只使用“phpMailer”或“pear”之类的东西邮件包”代替。

我已经按照本指南（威尼斯答案）sendmail：如何在 ubuntu 上配置 sendmail？，并看到许多其他人说同样的话......

我已经安装并配置了 sendmail，它可以很好地发送本地邮件（如果我向 root@localhost 发送电子邮件，我会正确接收）但不能发送“普通”电子邮件。每次我发送电子邮件时，我'在 mail.log 文件中有这些错误：

Nov 26 15:38:17 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22434]: xAQFcH3g022434: from=<[e-mail]>, size=418, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[e-mail]>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1]
Nov 26 15:38:17 compute-prod-main-2-vm sendmail[22433]: xAQFcHXA022433: to=[e-mail], ctladdr=Mattia (1002/1005), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30105, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (xAQFcH3g022434 Message accepted for delivery)
Nov 26 15:38:33 compute-prod-main-2-vm sendmail[22444]: xAQFcXYx022444: from=Mattia, size=80, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[e-mail]>, relay=root@localhost
Nov 26 15:38:33 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22445]: xAQFcXOb022445: from=<[e-mail]>, size=469, class=0, nrcpts=1, msgid=<[e-mail]>, proto=ESMTP, daemon=MTA-v4, relay=localhost [127.0.0.1]
Nov 26 15:38:33 compute-prod-main-2-vm sendmail[22444]: xAQFcXYx022444: to=[e-mail], ctladdr=Mattia (1002/1005), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30080, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (xAQFcXOb022445 Message accepted for delivery)
Nov 26 15:38:37 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[21588]: xAQFXbC8021586: timeout waiting for input from authsmtp.securemail.pro during client greeting
Nov 26 15:38:37 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[21588]: xAQFXbC8021586: to=<[e-mail]>, delay=00:05:00, xdelay=00:05:00, mailer=relay, pri=120418, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro [81.88.48.66], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:41:00 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[21743]: xAQFa0cV021741: timeout waiting for input from authsmtp.securemail.pro during client greeting
Nov 26 15:41:00 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[21743]: xAQFa0cV021741: to=<[e-mail]>, delay=00:05:00, xdelay=00:05:00, mailer=relay, pri=120418, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro [81.88.48.66], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:42:02 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[21765]: xAQFb1PN021763: timeout waiting for input from authsmtp.securemail.pro during client greeting
Nov 26 15:42:02 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[21765]: xAQFb1PN021763: to=<[e-mail]>, delay=00:05:01, xdelay=00:05:01, mailer=relay, pri=120418, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro [81.88.48.66], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection timed out with authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQFNe4X021461: to=<[e-mail]>, delay=00:19:26, xdelay=00:05:00, mailer=relay, pri=210466, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro [81.88.48.66], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQFH7gj020614: to=<[e-mail]>, delay=00:25:59, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=300466, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQFBfZq020461: to=<[e-mail]>, delay=00:31:25, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=300469, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQEkePb016232: to=<[e-mail]>, delay=00:56:26, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=390469, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQEkfdA016262: to=<[e-mail]>, delay=00:56:25, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=390469, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQEkgiG016272: to=<[e-mail]>, delay=00:56:24, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=390469, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro
Nov 26 15:43:06 compute-prod-main-2-vm sm-mta[22415]: xAQEkfEJ016252: to=<[e-mail]>, delay=00:56:25, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=390469, relay=authsmtp.securemail.pro, dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection reset by authsmtp.securemail.pro

这是我最初添加到 sendmail.mc 文件中的内容

define(`SMART_HOST',`authsmtp.securemail.pro')dnl
define(`confAUTH_MECHANISMS', `EXTERNAL GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl
FEATURE(`authinfo',`hash /etc/mail/auth/client-info')dnl

我进行了一些研究并了解到问题可能是 sendmail 用于 smtp 连接的端口。我尝试远程登录我的 isp，我只能在端口 465 上联系它，但我找不到更改 sendmail 正在使用的端口的方法。

我试图添加这些行，但没有运气：

define(`ESMTP_MAILER_ARGS', `TCP $h 465')dnl
define(`RELAY_MAILER_ARGS', `TCP $h 465')dnl

我还注意到我安装并正确配置了 sendmal 的另一台服务器正在使用邮件程序esmtp，此安装使用 insted relay，这正常吗？

我做错了什么？提前谢谢你，希望我已经列出了所有相关的细节。

标签： emailubuntusmtpsendmail

Answer 1

首先查找更多信息。使用 SMTP 会话跟踪在详细模式下强制重试传递。
它在大多数情况下提供了有用的提示（根据我的经验远高于 50%）。

要以 root 身份推送具有队列 ID 的电子邮件，xAQEkfEJ016252请执行以下命令：

sendmail -v -qIxAQEkfEJ016252