powershell - Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership 发生未指定的错误

Question

我在 Windows 10 (x64) 机器上使用 Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership 命令出错。我已经安装了本文档中指定的所需 RSAT-“Active Directory 域服务和轻量级目录服务工具”和“服务器管理器”依赖项。我能够执行 Get-AdUser 并查看结果，但 Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership 抛出错误。

PS C:\Users\JYOTHI> Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership jyothi
Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership : An unspecified error has occurred
At line:1 char:1
+ Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership gapalani
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (jyothi:ADPrincipal) [Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership], ADException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ActiveDirectoryServer:0,Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.Commands.GetADPrincipalGroupMembership

我可以试试其他方法

(Get-Aduser jyothi -Properties MemberOf | Select MemberOf).MemberOf

但想知道 Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership 的修复方法是什么

标签： powershellactive-directory

Answer 1

正如您所注意到的，Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership如果引用对象的名称包含某些字符，或者它是一个或多个名称中包含某些字符的组的成员，则会失败并出现一个模糊的错误。

我没有明确的证据，但我的测试表明，根本问题是在Get-ADPrincipalGroupMembership内部使用 ADSI 并且无法正确转义包含需要转义的字符的专有名称。（如果是这种情况，Microsoft 应该使用IADsPathname 接口来正确转义名称。这对他们来说将是一个令人尴尬的疏忽。）

不幸的是，此问题导致 cmdlet 在生产环境中损坏且无法使用。

这是一个相对较短的 PowerShell 脚本，它不受这种烦恼的影响，还支持检索递归组成员资格：

# Get-ADGroupMembership.ps1
# Written by Bill Stewart

#requires -version 2

# Version history:
# 1.0 (2019-12-02)
# * Initial version. Only searches the current domain.

<#
.SYNOPSIS
Gets the distinguished names of the Active Directory groups that have a specified object as a member.

.DESCRIPTION
Gets the distinguished names of the Active Directory groups that have a specified object, represented by the -Identity parameter, as a member.

.PARAMETER Identity
Specifies an Active Directory object. You can specify either the distinguishedName or the sAMAccountName of the object.

.PARAMETER Recursive
Specifies to include the object's nested group memberships.

.NOTES
If you use the ActiveDirectory PowerShell module and want Microsoft.ActiveDirectory.Management.ADGroup objects as output, pipe this command's output to the Get-ADGroup cmdlet.

.EXAMPLE
Get the distinguished names of the groups that the kendyer account is a member of:
PS C:\> Get-ADGroupMembership kendyer

.EXAMPLE
Get the distinguished names of the groups that the kendyer account is a member of, including nested groups:
PS C:\> Get-ADGroupMembership kendyer -Recursive

.EXAMPLE
Get the ADGroup objects representing the groups that the kendyer account is a member of (requires the Active Directory module):
PS C:\> Get-ADGroupMembership kendyer | Get-ADGroup
#>

[CmdletBinding()]
param(
  [Parameter(Mandatory = $true,ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
  [String[]] $Identity,

  [Switch] $Recursive
)

begin {
  $CommandName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

  # Set up Pathname COM object
  $ADS_ESCAPEDMODE_ON = 2
  $ADS_SETTYPE_DN = 4
  $ADS_FORMAT_X500_DN = 7
  $Pathname = New-Object -ComObject "Pathname"
  if ( -not $Pathname ) {
    return
  }
  [Void] $Pathname.GetType().InvokeMember("EscapedMode","SetProperty",$null,$Pathname,$ADS_ESCAPEDMODE_ON)

  # Outputs correctly escaped distinguished name using Pathname object
  function Get-EscapedName {
    param(
      [String] $distinguishedName
    )
    [Void] $Pathname.GetType().InvokeMember("Set","InvokeMethod",$null,$Pathname,@($distinguishedName,$ADS_SETTYPE_DN))
    $Pathname.GetType().InvokeMember("Retrieve","InvokeMethod",$null,$Pathname,$ADS_FORMAT_X500_DN)
  }

  # Outputs the memberOf attribute of an object using paged search (in case
  # an object is a member of a large number of groups)
  function Get-MemberOfAttribute {
    param(
      [String] $distinguishedName,
      [Ref] $memberOf,
      [Switch] $recursive
    )
    $searcher = [ADSISearcher] "(objectClass=*)"
    $searcher.SearchRoot = [ADSI] "LDAP://$(Get-EscapedName $distinguishedName)"
    $lastQuery = $false
    $rangeStep = 1500
    $rangeLow = 0
    $rangeHigh = $rangeLow + ($rangeStep - 1)
    do {
      if ( -not $lastQuery ) {
        $property = "memberOf;range={0}-{1}" -f $rangeLow,$rangeHigh
      }
      else {
        $property = "memberOf;range={0}-*" -f $rangeLow
      }
      $searcher.PropertiesToLoad.Clear()
      [Void] $searcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add($property)
      $searchResults = $searcher.FindOne()
      if ( $searchResults.Properties.Contains($property) ) {
        foreach ( $searchResult in $searchResults.Properties[$property] ) {
          if ( $memberOf.Value.Count -gt 100 ) {
            Write-Progress `
              -Activity $CommandName `
              -Status "Getting membership of '$distinguishedName'" `
              -CurrentOperation $searchResult
          }
          if ( $recursive ) {
            if ( -not $memberOf.Value.Contains($searchResult) ) {
              Get-MemberOfAttribute $searchResult $memberOf -recursive
            }
          }
          if ( -not $memberOf.Value.Contains($searchResult) ) {
            $memberOf.Value.Add($searchResult)
          }
        }
        $done = $lastQuery
      }
      else {
        if ( -not $lastQuery ) {
          $lastQuery = $true
        }
        else {
          $done = $true
        }
      }
      if ( -not $lastQuery ) {
        $rangeLow = $rangeHigh + 1
        $rangeHigh = $rangeLow + ($rangeStep - 1)
      }
    }
    until ( $done )
    Write-Progress `
      -Activity $CommandName `
      -Status "Getting membership of '$distinguishedName'" `
      -Completed:$true
  }

  function Get-ADGroupMembership {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
      [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
      [String] $identity,
      [Switch] $recursive
    )
    $ldapString = $identity -replace '\\','\5c' -replace '\(','\28' -replace '\)','\29' -replace '\*','\2a' -replace '\/','\2f'
    $searcher = [ADSISearcher] "(|(distinguishedName=$ldapString)(sAMAccountName=$ldapString))"
    try {
      $searchResults = $searcher.FindAll()
      if ( $searchResults.Count -gt 0 ) {
        foreach ( $searchResult in $searchResults ) {
          $memberOf = New-Object Collections.Generic.List[String]
          Get-MemberOfAttribute $searchResult.Properties["distinguishedname"][0] ([Ref] $memberOf) -recursive:$recursive
          $memberOf
        }
      }
      else {
        Write-Error "Cannot find an object with identity '$identity'." -Category ObjectNotFound
      }
    }
    catch {
      Write-Error -ErrorRecord $_
    }
    finally {
      $searchResults.Dispose()
    }
  }
}

process {
  foreach ( $IdentityItem in $Identity ) {
    Get-ADGroupMembership $IdentityItem -recursive:$Recursive
  }
}

我还在github 上将此脚本添加为公共要点，以防需要修复或添加新功能。