python - Tkinter 按钮相互混合

Question

我不知道如何解释，但我有两个不同的页面，每个页面都有一定数量的按钮作为网格

简单的模式

复杂形式

但是当我选择一个单选按钮时，然后在它混合后选择另一个

混乱

这是制作网格的代码

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog, Text
import os
import time, sys
from time import sleep

root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry('700x700')
def changecolo(i, j):
    if not ((i == 0 and j == 0) or (i == 12 and j == 12)):
        if mFrame.grid_slaves(row = i, column = j)[0].cget('bg') == 'black':
            mFrame.grid_slaves(row = i, column = j)[0].configure(bg = 'white')
        elif mFrame.grid_slaves(row = i, column = j)[0].cget('bg') == 'white':
            mFrame.grid_slaves(row = i, column = j)[0].configure(bg = 'grey')
        elif mFrame.grid_slaves(row = i, column = j)[0].cget('bg') == 'grey':
            mFrame.grid_slaves(row = i, column = j)[0].configure(bg = 'black')
def setalg():
    value = 6
def makegrid6():
    mFrame.grid_forget()
    makegrid66()
def makegrid66():
    for i in range(6):
        for j in range (6):
            if i == 0 and j == 0:
                grids6 = tk.Button(mFrame, bg='blue', text = (5 - i) + (5 - j), state = 'disabled', highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width = 11, height = 5)
                grids6.grid(row = i, column = j)
            elif i == 5 and j == 5:
                grids6 = tk.Button(mFrame, bg='red', text = (5 - i) + (5 - j) , state = 'disabled',highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width = 11, height = 5)
                grids6.grid(row = i, column = j)
            elif (((i == 0 or i == 1 or i == 2) and (j == 2)) or (i == 4 and j == 1)):
                grids6 = tk.Button(mFrame, bg='white', text = (5 - i) + (5 - j) , highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width = 11, height = 5, state = 'disabled')
                grids6.grid(row = i, column = j)
            elif (i == 3 and j == 2):
                grids6 = tk.Button(mFrame, bg='grey', text = (5 - i) + (5 - j) , highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width = 11, height = 5, state = 'disabled')
                grids6.grid(row = i, column = j)
            else:
                grids6 = tk.Button(mFrame, bg='black', text = (5 - i) + (5 - j), fg = 'white', highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width = 11, height = 5, state = 'disabled')
                grids6.grid(row = i, column = j) 
    return mFrame.grid_slaves, i, j

def makegrid10():
    mFrame.grid_forget()
    makegrid100()
def makegrid100():
for i in range(13):
    for j in range (13):
        if i == 0 and j == 0:
            grids10 = tk.Button(mFrame, bg='blue', text = (12 - i) + (12 - j), fg = 'white', state = 'disabled', highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width = 4, height = 2, command=lambda x = i, y = j: changecolo(x, y))
            grids10.grid(row = i, column = j)
        elif i == 12 and j == 12:
            grids10 = tk.Button(mFrame, bg='red', text = (12 - i) + (12 - j), fg = 'white', state = 'disabled',highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width = 4, height = 2, command=lambda x = i, y = j: changecolo(x, y))
            grids10.grid(row = i, column = j)
        else:
            grids10 = tk.Button(mFrame, bg='black', text = (12 - i) + (12 - j), fg = 'white', highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width = 4, height = 2, command=lambda x = i, y = j: changecolo(x, y))
            grids10.grid(row = i, column = j)
return mFrame.grid_slaves, i, j   

def play():
   if diffVar.get() == "sim":
       butons, l, k = makegrid66()
       Greedy(butons, l, k)
   else:
       butons, l, k = makegrid100()
       Greedy(butons, l, k)
def aStar():
   print(1000010)

def Greedy(butons, k, l):
    print(k, l)

def UCS():
    print(99)
mFrame = tk.Frame(root, height = 500, width = 500, bg = "lightgrey")
mFrame.place(x= 10, y = 10)

diffVar = tk.StringVar()
dif = tk.Label(root, text = "Problem Difficulty", bg = "Lightgrey")
dif.place (x = 550, y = 30)

simp = tk.Radiobutton(root, text = "Simple", value = "sim", bg = "Lightgrey", variable = diffVar, command = makegrid6)
simp.place(x = 550, y = 60)
comp = tk.Radiobutton(root, text = "Complex", value = "com", bg = "Lightgrey", variable = diffVar, command = makegrid10)
comp.place(x = 550, y = 90)

algVar = tk.IntVar()
algVar.set(1)
dif = tk.Label(root, text = "Choose an Algorithm", bg = "Lightgrey")
dif.place (x = 550, y = 180)

alg1 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text = "A*", value = 1, bg = "Lightgrey", variable = algVar, command = setalg)
alg1.place(x = 550, y = 210)
alg2 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text = "Greedy", value = 2, bg = "Lightgrey", variable = algVar, command = setalg)
alg2.place(x = 550, y = 240)
alg3 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text = "UCS", value = 3, bg = "Lightgrey", variable = algVar, command = setalg)
alg3.place(x = 550, y = 270)

playbu = tk.Button(root, text = "Play", bg = "White", width = 15, command = play)
playbu.place(x = 10, y = 550)

nextbu = tk.Button(root, text = "Next", bg = "White", width = 15)
nextbu.place(x = 140, y = 550)

fasterbu = tk.Button(root, text = "Faster", bg = "White", width = 15)
fasterbu.place(x = 270, y = 550)

resetbu = tk.Button(root, text = "Reset", bg = "White", width = 15)
resetbu.place(x = 400, y = 550)



root.mainloop()

他们是否有任何可能的方式使按钮以与画布大小相同的方式调整自身大小，而无需我调整按钮的宽度和高度

标签： pythonpython-3.xtkinter

Answer 1

首先，我用它来删除带有所有按钮的旧框架并为新按钮创建新框架

def makegrid6():
    global mFrame

    mFrame.destroy()

    mFrame = tk.Frame(root, height = 500, width = 500, bg = "lightgrey")
    mFrame.place(x= 10, y = 10)

    makegrid66()

但它有一个问题 - 新框架是在其他小部件之上创建的，因此被隐藏且不可用。

所以我创建xFrame了我把它放在窗口mFrame中xFrame的所有时间，所以它不会移动到其他小部件之上

root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry('700x700')

# parent `root` 
xFrame = tk.Frame(root, height = 500, width = 500, bg = "lightgrey")
xFrame.place(x= 10, y = 10)

# parent `xFrame`
mFrame = tk.Frame(xFrame, height = 500, width = 500, bg = "lightgrey")
mFrame.pack()

然后它会在后面显示新框架checkbox和其他按钮。

放入我使用mFrame而不是因为它不需要选项并且不会有其他小部件所以不需要设置.xFramepack()place()x,y

你说你mFrame输入了Canvas（但我在代码中没有看到）所以你可以使用Canvas而不是xFrame.

---

顺便说一句：建议不要在=内部函数周围使用空格。
请参阅PEP 8 - Python 代码样式指南。

---

这里的代码xFrame

我也进行了更改makegrid100()以使其更短且更具可读性。

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog, Text
import os
import time, sys
from time import sleep

# --- functions ---

def changecolo(i, j):
    if not ((i == 0 and j == 0) or (i == 12 and j == 12)):
        if mFrame.grid_slaves(row=i, column=j)[0].cget('bg') == 'black':
            mFrame.grid_slaves(row=i, column=j)[0].configure(bg='white')
        elif mFrame.grid_slaves(row=i, column=j)[0].cget('bg') == 'white':
            mFrame.grid_slaves(row=i, column=j)[0].configure(bg='grey')
        elif mFrame.grid_slaves(row=i, column=j)[0].cget('bg') == 'grey':
            mFrame.grid_slaves(row=i, column=j)[0].configure(bg='black')

def setalg():
    value = 6

def makegrid6():
    global mFrame # inform function to use external/global variable instead of locla one when it will assign value (`=`) 

    mFrame.destroy()

    mFrame = tk.Frame(xFrame, height=500, width=500, bg="lightgrey")
    mFrame.pack()

    makegrid66()

def makegrid66():

    for i in range(6):
        for j in range (6):
            if i == 0 and j == 0:
                grids6=tk.Button(mFrame, bg='blue', text=(5 - i) + (5 - j), state='disabled', highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width=11, height=5)
                grids6.grid(row=i, column=j)
            elif i == 5 and j == 5:
                grids6=tk.Button(mFrame, bg='red', text=(5 - i) + (5 - j) , state='disabled', highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width=11, height=5)
                grids6.grid(row=i, column=j)
            elif (((i == 0 or i == 1 or i == 2) and (j == 2)) or (i == 4 and j == 1)):
                grids6=tk.Button(mFrame, bg='white', text=(5 - i) + (5 - j) , highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width=11, height=5, state='disabled')
                grids6.grid(row=i, column=j)
            elif (i == 3 and j == 2):
                grids6=tk.Button(mFrame, bg='grey', text=(5 - i) + (5 - j) , highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width=11, height=5, state='disabled')
                grids6.grid(row=i, column=j)
            else:
                grids6=tk.Button(mFrame, bg='black', text=(5 - i) + (5 - j), fg='white', highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width=11, height=5, state='disabled')
                grids6.grid(row=i, column=j) 
    return mFrame.grid_slaves, i, j

def makegrid10():
    global mFrame # inform function to use external/global variable instead of locla one when it will assign value (`=`) 

    mFrame.destroy()

    mFrame = tk.Frame(xFrame, height=500, width=500, bg="lightgrey")
    mFrame.pack()

    makegrid100()

def makegrid100():

    for i in range(13):
        for j in range (13):
            if i == 0 and j == 0:
                bg_color = 'blue'
                state = 'disabled'
            elif i == 12 and j == 12:
                bg_color = 'red'
                state = 'disabled'
            else:
                bg_color = 'black'
                state = 'normal'

            b = tk.Button(mFrame, bg=bg_color, text=(12-i)+(12-j), state=state, fg='white', highlightcolor="black", highlightthickness=1, width=4, height=2, command=lambda x=i, y=j: changecolo(x, y))
            b.grid(row=i, column=j)

    return mFrame.grid_slaves, i, j   

def play():
   if diffVar.get() == "sim":
       butons, l, k=makegrid66()
       Greedy(butons, l, k)
   else:
       butons, l, k=makegrid100()
       Greedy(butons, l, k)
def aStar():
   print(1000010)

def Greedy(butons, k, l):
    for i in range(k + 1):
        for j in range(l + 1):
            print(i, j)
            mini=butons(row=i, column=j)[0].cget('text')
            m, n=i, j
            if i - 1 > -1:
                if butons(row=i - 1, column=j)[0].cget('text') < mini:
                    mini=butons(row=i - 1, column=j)[0].cget('text')
                    m=i - 1
            if i + 1 < 6:
                if butons(row=i + 1, column=j)[0].cget('text') < mini:
                    mini=butons(row=i + 1, column=j)[0].cget('text')
                    m=i + 1
            if j - 1 > -1:
                if butons(row=i, column=j - 1)[0].cget('text') < mini:
                    mini=butons(row=i, column=j - 1)[0].cget('text')
                    n=j - 1
            if j + 1 < 6:
                if butons(row=i, column=j + 1)[0].cget('text') < mini:
                    mini=butons(row=i, column=j + 1)[0].cget('text')
                    n=j + 1
            i, j=m, n
            butons(row=m, column=n)[0].configure(bg='brown')

def UCS():
   print(99)

# --- main ---

root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry('700x700')

xFrame = tk.Frame(root, height=500, width=500, bg="lightgrey")
xFrame.place(x= 10, y=10)

mFrame = tk.Frame(xFrame, height=500, width=500, bg="lightgrey")
mFrame.pack()

diffVar = tk.StringVar()
dif = tk.Label(root, text="Problem Difficulty", bg="Lightgrey")
dif.place (x=550, y=30)

simp = tk.Radiobutton(root, text="Simple", value="sim", bg="Lightgrey", variable=diffVar, command=makegrid6)
simp.place(x=550, y=60)
comp = tk.Radiobutton(root, text="Complex", value="com", bg="Lightgrey", variable=diffVar, command=makegrid10)
comp.place(x=550, y=90)

algVar = tk.IntVar()
algVar.set(1)
dif = tk.Label(root, text="Choose an Algorithm", bg="Lightgrey")
dif.place (x=550, y=180)

alg1 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text="A*", value=1, bg="Lightgrey", variable=algVar, command=setalg)
alg1.place(x=550, y=210)
alg2 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text="Greedy", value=2, bg="Lightgrey", variable=algVar, command=setalg)
alg2.place(x=550, y=240)
alg3 = tk.Radiobutton(root, text="UCS", value=3, bg="Lightgrey", variable=algVar, command=setalg)
alg3.place(x=550, y=270)

f2 = tk.Canvas(root, height=30, width=30, bg="White")

playbu = tk.Button(root, text="Play", bg="White", width=15, command=play)
playbu.place(x=10, y=550)

nextbu = tk.Button(root, text="Next", bg="White", width=15)
nextbu.place(x=140, y=550)

fasterbu = tk.Button(root, text="Faster", bg="White", width=15)
fasterbu.place(x=270, y=550)

resetbu = tk.Button(root, text="Reset", bg="White", width=15)
resetbu.place(x=400, y=550)

root.mainloop()