r - 使用 R 和 rvest 进行网页抓取
问题描述
我有一个项目,我应该从新闻网站上抓取一系列文章。我对新闻的标题和文字感兴趣。在大多数情况下,站点会维护一个基本 URL,例如:
https://www.americanthinker.com /articles/2019/11/why_rich_people_love_poor_immigrants.html https://tmp.americanthinker.com /blog/2015/01/california_begins_giving_drivers_licenses_to_illegal_aliens.html
由于要下载的文章太多(超过1000篇),我想创建一个自动下载所有数据的功能。向量将提供所有网址(每行一个):
article
[1] "https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2019/11/why_rich_people_love_poor_immigrants.html"
[2] "https://tmp.americanthinker.com/blog/2015/01/california_begins_giving_drivers_licenses_to_illegal_aliens.html"
[3] "https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2018/11/immigrants_will_not_fund_our_retirement.html"
> str(article)
chr [1:3] "https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2019/11/why_rich_people_love_poor_immigrants.html" ...
> summary(article)
Length Class Mode
3 character character
因此,脚本将使用向量作为地址的来源,并创建一个包含每篇文章的标题和文本的数据框。但是会弹出一些错误。以下是我根据一系列 Stack Overflow 帖子编写的代码:
套餐
library(rvest)
library(purrr)
library(xml2)
library(dplyr)
library(readr)
导入 CSV 并导出为矢量
base <- read_csv(file.choose(), col_names = FALSE)
article <- pull(base,X1)
第一次尝试
articles_final <- map_df(article, function(i){
pages<-read_html(article)
title <-
article %>% map_chr(. %>% html_node("h1") %>% html_text())
content <-
article %>% map_chr(. %>% html_nodes('.article_body span') %>% html_text() %>% paste(., collapse = ""))
article_table <- data.frame("Title" = title, "Content" = content)
return(article_table)
})
第二次尝试
map_df(1:3, function(i){
page <- read_html(sprintf(article,i))
data.frame(Title = html_text(html_nodes(page,'.h1')),
Content= html_text(html_nodes(page,'.article_body span')),
Site = "American Thinker"
)
}) -> articles_final
在这两种情况下,我在运行这些函数时都会收到以下错误:
Error in doc_parse_file (con, encoding = encoding, as_html = as_html, options = options):
Expecting a single string value:
[type = character; extent = 3].
我需要这个来下载和分析文章
非常感谢您的帮助。
编辑
我尝试了下面建议的代码:
I tried and it dod not work, some problem with my coding:
> map_dfc(.x = article,
+ .f = function(x){
+ foo <- tibble(Title = read_html(x) %>%
+ html_nodes("h1") %>%
+ html_text() %>%
+ .[nchar(.) > 0],
+ Content = read_html(x) %>%
+ html_nodes("p") %>%
+ html_text(),
+ Site = "AmericanThinker")%>%
+ filter(nchar(Content) > 0)
+ }
+ ) -> out
Error: Argument 3 must be length 28, not 46
但是当你看到一个新的错误弹出
解决方案
这是我为你尝试的。我在玩 Selector Gadget 并检查页面源。经过一番检查,我认为您需要使用<title>
and <div class="article_body">
。该map()
部分正在循环浏览三篇文章article
并创建一个数据框。每行代表每篇文章。我认为您仍然需要进行一些字符串操作才能获得干净的文本。但这将帮助您抓取所需的内容。
library(tidyverse)
library(rvest)
article <- c("https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2019/11/why_rich_people_love_poor_immigrants.html",
"https://tmp.americanthinker.com/blog/2015/01/california_begins_giving_drivers_licenses_to_illegal_aliens.html",
"https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2018/11/immigrants_will_not_fund_our_retirement.html")
map_dfr(.x = article,
.f = function(x){
tibble(Title = read_html(x) %>%
html_nodes("title") %>%
html_text(),
Content = read_html(x) %>%
html_nodes(xpath = "//div[@class='article_body']") %>%
html_text(),
Site = "AmericanThinker")}) -> result
# Title Content Site
# <chr> <chr> <chr>
#1 Why Rich People Love Poor Immigra… "Soon after the Immigration Act of 1965 was passed, rea… AmericanT…
#2 California begins giving driver's… "The largest state in the union began handing out driv… AmericanT…
#3 Immigrants Will Not Fund Our Reti… "Ask Democrats why they support open borders, and they … AmericanT…
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