首页 > 解决方案 > 在二维排序数组中搜索元素

问题描述

我必须编写一个代码(作为练习),它接收一个二维(方形)按行和按列排序的数组和一个元素,如果元素存在于数组中,则返回 true。

当我听到“排序”时首先想到的是二分搜索,但我意识到每一行中的最后一个元素不一定小于下一行中的第一个元素。

所以,我发现最好的复杂度是 O(n),并编写了以下代码:

 public static boolean findN(int[][] a, int x) {
    if (a.length == 0 || a[0].length == 0 || x > a[a.length - 1][a[0].length - 1] || x < a[0][0]) {
        return false;
    }
    int LastRow = a.length - 1, Lastcol = a[0].length - 1, row = 0, col = 0;

    while (row <= LastRow) {
        if (a[row][col] == x) {
            return true;
        } else if (col < Lastcol) {
            col++;
        } else {
            col = 0;
            row++;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

数组示例:

int [] [] arr = {{1,2,7,30}
                        {2,4,18,50}
                        {3,6,19,90}
                        {4,7,20,91}}

标签: javamultidimensional-arraytime-complexitybinary-search

解决方案


几个月前我遇到了一个类似的问题,这是我发现在 O(logN + logM) 中工作的代码 [假设数组是按行和按列排序的]。

[...] 但我意识到每行中的最后一个元素不一定小于下一行中的第一个元素。- 在这种情况下,您无法实现 O(logn) 复杂度。

简单的二分搜索:

static void binarySearch(int mat[][], int i, int j_low, int j_high, int x) { 
    while (j_low <= j_high) { 
        int j_mid = (j_low + j_high) / 2; 

        // Element found 
        if (mat[i][j_mid] == x) { 
            System.out.println ( "Found at (" + i  + ", " + j_mid +")"); 
            return; 
        } 

        else if (mat[i][j_mid] > x) 
            j_high = j_mid - 1; 

        else
            j_low = j_mid + 1; 
    } 

    System.out.println ( "Element no found"); 
} 

核心逻辑:

static void sortedMatrixSearch(int mat[][], int n, int m, int x) { 
    // Single row matrix 
    if (n == 1) { 
        binarySearch(mat, 0, 0, m - 1, x); 
        return; 
    } 

    // Do binary search in middle column. 
    // Condition to terminate the loop when the 
    // 2 desired rows are found 
    int i_low = 0; 
    int i_high = n - 1; 
    int j_mid = m / 2; 
    while ((i_low + 1) < i_high) { 
        int i_mid = (i_low + i_high) / 2; 

        // element found 
        if (mat[i_mid][j_mid] == x) { 
            System.out.println ( "Found at (" + i_mid +", " + j_mid +")"); 
            return; 
        } 

        else if (mat[i_mid][j_mid] > x) 
            i_high = i_mid; 

        else
            i_low = i_mid; 
    } 

    // If element is present on  
    // the mid of the two rows 
    if (mat[i_low][j_mid] == x) 
        System.out.println ( "Found at (" + i_low + "," + j_mid +")"); 
    else if (mat[i_low + 1][j_mid] == x) 
        System.out.println ( "Found at (" + (i_low + 1)  + ", " + j_mid +")"); 

    // Ssearch element on 1st half of 1st row 
    else if (x <= mat[i_low][j_mid - 1]) 
        binarySearch(mat, i_low, 0, j_mid - 1, x); 

    // Search element on 2nd half of 1st row 
    else if (x >= mat[i_low][j_mid + 1] && x <= mat[i_low][m - 1]) 
    binarySearch(mat, i_low, j_mid + 1, m - 1, x); 

    // Search element on 1st half of 2nd row 
    else if (x <= mat[i_low + 1][j_mid - 1]) 
        binarySearch(mat, i_low + 1, 0, j_mid - 1, x); 

    // search element on 2nd half of 2nd row 
    else
        binarySearch(mat, i_low + 1, j_mid + 1, m - 1, x); 
} 

驱动方法:

public static void main (String[] args) { 
    int n = 4, m = 5, x = 8; 
    int mat[][] = {{0, 6, 8, 9, 11}, 
                   {20, 22, 28, 29, 31}, 
                   {36, 38, 50, 61, 63}, 
                   {64, 66, 100, 122, 128}}; 

    sortedMatrixSearch(mat, n, m, x); 
} 

希望这可以帮助。祝你好运。


推荐阅读