首页 > 解决方案 > 从 Python 调用时 C DLL 破解

问题描述

我有一个使用 C/Python API 嵌入 Python 解释器的 DLL。如果调用一次 DLL 可以正常工作,但如果调用 DLL 两次,代码就会破解并且我的程序会捕获内存错误。调用 DLL 的 C 代码很简单,对 DLL 函数(调用 Python 解释器)的调用是一次完成,如果第二次调用(在代码中)没有注释,代码就会破裂,只有在调用“Numpy”时才会发生这种情况Python 代码。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <dll_simples.h>

int main() {
double in[] = { 4,2,5,4,2 };
double out[5] = {};
double a = 0;
double b = 0;


simuser(a,b,in,out);
//simuser(a, b, in, out); IF NOT COMMENTED -> ERROR

return 0;
 }

我已经按照此处的建议在 DLL 中评论了 Py_Finalize(),并且此处的这篇文章从 Py_Finalize() 文档中确认“如果多次调用它们的初始化例程,某些扩展可能无法正常工作;如果应用程序调用 Py_Initialize( ) 和 Py_Finalize() 不止一次。” 所以我想知道为什么会发生这种情况,以及是否可以做任何其他事情,除了在最后一次调用 DLL 时只调用一次“Py_Finalize()”。

标签: pythoncdllinterpreter

解决方案


清单[Python 3.Docs]:ctypes - Python 的外部函数库

dll00.h

#pragma once

#if defined(_WIN32)
#  if defined DLL0_EXPORTS
#    define DLL00_EXPORT_API __declspec(dllexport)
#  else
#    define DLL00_EXPORT_API __declspec(dllimport)
#  endif
#else
#  define DLL00_EXPORT_API
#endif


#if defined(__cplusplus)
extern "C" {
#endif

DLL00_EXPORT_API int dll00Func00(double t, double delta, unsigned int size, const double *pIn, double *pOut);

#if defined(__cplusplus)
}
#endif

dll00.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "Python.h"
#define DLL0_EXPORTS
#include "dll00.h"

#define C_TAG "From C .dll"


int dll00Func00(double t, double delta, unsigned int size, const double *pIn, double *pOut) {
    int res = 0;
    printf("%s: in function\n", C_TAG);
    const int isInit = Py_IsInitialized();
    // Modify array calling Python functions
    if (!isInit) {
        printf("%s: initializing Python interpreter\n", C_TAG);
        Py_Initialize();
    }
    res = PyRun_SimpleString("print(\"From Python (within C .dll): test\")");
    for (unsigned  int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        pOut[i] = pIn[i] * t + delta;
    }
    if (!isInit) {
        printf("%s: uninitializing Python interpreter\n", C_TAG);
        Py_Finalize();
    }
    return 0;
}

main00.c

#include <stdio.h>

#include "dll00.h"
#define SIZE 4


int main() {
    int res = 0;
    double in[SIZE] = { 10.0, 11.0, 12.0, 13.0 };
    double out[SIZE] = { 0 };
    res = dll00Func00(2, 0.5, SIZE, in, out);
    printf("Output array:\n");
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++) {
        printf("%.03f ", out[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");
    return 0;
}

代码00.py

#!/usr/bin/env python

import sys
import ctypes as ct


DLL_NAME = "./dll00.dll"


def main(*argv):
    DblPtr = ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)
    size = 5
    DblArr = ct.c_double * size

    dll00 = ct.PyDLL(DLL_NAME)
    dll00Func00 = dll00.dll00Func00
    dll00Func00.argtypes = (ct.c_double, ct.c_double, ct.c_uint, DblPtr, DblPtr)
    dll00Func00.restype = ct.c_int

    in_arr = DblArr(*range(size))
    out_arr = DblArr()
    print("Output array:")
    for i in range(size):
        print("{:.3f}".format(out_arr[i]), end=" ")
    print("\n")
    res = dll00Func00(2, 2.5, size, in_arr, out_arr)
    print("Output array:")
    for i in range(size):
        print("{:.3f}".format(out_arr[i]), end=" ")
    print()



if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Python {0:s} {1:d}bit on {2:s}\n".format(" ".join(item.strip() for item in sys.version.split("\n")), 64 if sys.maxsize > 0x100000000 else 32, sys.platform))
    main(*sys.argv[1:])
    print("\nDone.")

备注

  • Python中,使用ctypes.PyDLL间接)调用Python API函数
  • .dll中,使用[Python 3.Docs]: Initialization, Finalization, and Threads - int Py_IsInitialized ()
    • 附带说明一下,在Py_Initialize的情况下不需要if测试,因为Py_Initialize只是在解释器已经初始化的情况下返回(所以我把它留在那里只是为了保持一致性),但Py_Finalize需要它,因为人们不想这样做在Python中取消初始化解释器。所以Py_Initialize / Py_Finalize对在“引用计数”上不起作用(每个Py_Initialize调用都需要一个Py_Finalize
  • 在函数中调用Py_Initialize / Py_Finalize似乎有点矫枉过正(如果函数被多次调用)。我会在.dll中执行 2 个包装函数并调用:

    • 一开始
    • 最后的另一个

    ( C ) 程序的

输出

e:\Work\Dev\StackOverflow\q059937552>sopr.bat
*** Set shorter prompt to better fit when pasted in StackOverflow (or other) pages ***

[prompt]> "c:\Install\pc032\Microsoft\VisualStudioCommunity\2017\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvarsall.bat" x64
**********************************************************************
** Visual Studio 2017 Developer Command Prompt v15.9.19
** Copyright (c) 2017 Microsoft Corporation
**********************************************************************
[vcvarsall.bat] Environment initialized for: 'x64'

[prompt]> dir /b
code00.py
dll00.c
dll00.h
main00.c

[prompt]> cl /nologo /MD /DDLL /I"c:\Install\pc064\Python\Python\03.07.06\include" dll00.c  /link /NOLOGO /DLL /OUT:dll00.dll /LIBPATH:"c:\Install\pc064\Python\Python\03.07.06\libs"
dll00.c
   Creating library dll00.lib and object dll00.exp

[prompt]> cl /nologo /MD /W0 main00.c  /link /NOLOGO /OUT:main00_064.exe dll00.lib
main00.c

[prompt]> dir /b
code00.py
dll00.c
dll00.dll
dll00.exp
dll00.h
dll00.lib
dll00.obj
main00.c
main00.obj
main00_064.exe

[prompt]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_pc064_03.07.06_test0\Scripts\python.exe" code00.py
Python 3.7.6 (tags/v3.7.6:43364a7ae0, Dec 19 2019, 00:42:30) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] 64bit on win32

Output array:
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

From C .dll: in function
From Python (within C .dll): test
Output array:
2.500 4.500 6.500 8.500 10.500

Done.

[prompt]> set PATH=%PATH%;c:\Install\pc064\Python\Python\03.07.06

[prompt]> main00_064.exe
From C .dll: in function
From C .dll: initializing Python interpreter
From Python (within C .dll): test
From C .dll: uninitializing Python interpreter
Output array:
20.500 22.500 24.500 26.500

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