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mysql - Docker-Compose：为什么我的 Rails 映像在访问 MySQL 数据库时存在权限问题？

问题描述

越野车行为

我在Ubuntu 18.04中使用docker-compose来处理一些Ruby on Rails项目，但是，每次我尝试使用 rails 控制台时，都会出现以下错误：

/usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:192:in `initialize': Permission denied @ dir_initialize - /usr/src/app/docker/mysql/data/performance_schema (Errno::EACCES)
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:192:in `new'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:192:in `watch'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:202:in `block in watch'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:194:in `each'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:194:in `watch'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:202:in `block in watch'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:194:in `each'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:194:in `watch'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:202:in `block in watch'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:194:in `each'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:194:in `watch'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:202:in `block in watch'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:194:in `each'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/rb-inotify-0.9.10/lib/rb-inotify/notifier.rb:194:in `watch'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/listen-3.1.5/lib/listen/adapter/linux.rb:32:in `_configure'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/listen-3.1.5/lib/listen/adapter/base.rb:45:in `block in configure'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/listen-3.1.5/lib/listen/adapter/base.rb:40:in `each'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/listen-3.1.5/lib/listen/adapter/base.rb:40:in `configure'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/listen-3.1.5/lib/listen/adapter/base.rb:63:in `start'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/listen-3.1.5/lib/listen/listener.rb:68:in `block in <class:Listener>'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/listen-3.1.5/lib/listen/fsm.rb:121:in `instance_eval'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/listen-3.1.5/lib/listen/fsm.rb:121:in `call'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/listen-3.1.5/lib/listen/fsm.rb:91:in `transition_with_callbacks!'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/listen-3.1.5/lib/listen/fsm.rb:57:in `transition'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/listen-3.1.5/lib/listen/listener.rb:91:in `start'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-watcher-listen-2.0.1/lib/spring/watcher/listen.rb:27:in `start'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:80:in `start_watcher'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:89:in `preload'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:153:in `serve'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:141:in `block in run'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:135:in `loop'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application.rb:135:in `run'
    from /usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/application/boot.rb:19:in `<top (required)>'
    from /usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from /usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.5.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require'
    from -e:1:in `<main>'

我可以通过进入我的 bash 命令并使用以下命令更改存储图像的 mysql 文件夹的权限来使控制台工作：

sudo chown -R myuser:myuser docker/mysql/

但是，这样做会破坏 rails 的其他功能。例如，该rails db:reset命令会引发以下错误：

-- create_table("actions", {:force=>:cascade, :options=>"ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC"})
rails aborted!
ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid: Mysql2::Error: Can't create table 'actions' (errno: 13): CREATE TABLE `actions` (`id` bigint NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, `workflow_id` bigint, `type` varchar(191), `settings` text, `created_at` datetime NOT NULL, `updated_at` datetime NOT NULL,  INDEX `index_actions_on_type_and_workflow_id`  (`type`, `workflow_id`),  INDEX `index_actions_on_workflow_id`  (`workflow_id`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC
/usr/local/bundle/gems/mysql2-0.4.10/lib/mysql2/client.rb:120:in `_query'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/mysql2-0.4.10/lib/mysql2/client.rb:120:in `block in query'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/mysql2-0.4.10/lib/mysql2/client.rb:119:in `handle_interrupt'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/mysql2-0.4.10/lib/mysql2/client.rb:119:in `query'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:214:in `block (2 levels) in execute'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb:46:in `block in permit_concurrent_loads'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/concurrency/share_lock.rb:185:in `yield_shares'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb:45:in `permit_concurrent_loads'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:213:in `block in execute'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:612:in `block (2 levels) in log'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:611:in `block in log'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:21:in `instrument'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:603:in `log'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:212:in `execute'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/database_statements.rb:26:in `execute'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:288:in `create_table'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:363:in `create_table'
/usr/src/app/config/initializers/utf8mb4.rb:7:in `create_table'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:849:in `block in method_missing'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:818:in `block in say_with_time'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:818:in `say_with_time'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:838:in `method_missing'
/usr/src/app/db/schema.rb:15:in `block in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/schema.rb:48:in `instance_eval'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/schema.rb:48:in `define'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/schema.rb:44:in `define'
/usr/src/app/db/schema.rb:13:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `block in load'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:233:in `load_schema'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:255:in `block in load_schema_current'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:304:in `block in each_current_configuration'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:303:in `each'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:303:in `each_current_configuration'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:254:in `load_schema_current'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:248:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:252:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:21:in `block in perform'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:18:in `perform'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/command.rb:46:in `invoke'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands.rb:16:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/src/app/bin/rails:9:in `require'
/usr/src/app/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `load'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `call'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in `run'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/bin/spring:49:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/binstub.rb:31:in `load'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/binstub.rb:31:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/src/app/bin/spring:15:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in `load'
bin/rails:3:in `<main>'

Caused by:
Mysql2::Error: Can't create table 'actions' (errno: 13)
/usr/local/bundle/gems/mysql2-0.4.10/lib/mysql2/client.rb:120:in `_query'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/mysql2-0.4.10/lib/mysql2/client.rb:120:in `block in query'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/mysql2-0.4.10/lib/mysql2/client.rb:119:in `handle_interrupt'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/mysql2-0.4.10/lib/mysql2/client.rb:119:in `query'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:214:in `block (2 levels) in execute'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb:46:in `block in permit_concurrent_loads'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/concurrency/share_lock.rb:185:in `yield_shares'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb:45:in `permit_concurrent_loads'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:213:in `block in execute'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:612:in `block (2 levels) in log'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:611:in `block in log'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:21:in `instrument'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb:603:in `log'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:212:in `execute'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/mysql/database_statements.rb:26:in `execute'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_statements.rb:288:in `create_table'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb:363:in `create_table'
/usr/src/app/config/initializers/utf8mb4.rb:7:in `create_table'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:849:in `block in method_missing'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:818:in `block in say_with_time'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:818:in `say_with_time'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/migration.rb:838:in `method_missing'
/usr/src/app/db/schema.rb:15:in `block in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/schema.rb:48:in `instance_eval'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/schema.rb:48:in `define'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/schema.rb:44:in `define'
/usr/src/app/db/schema.rb:13:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `block in load'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:258:in `load_dependency'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activesupport-5.1.4/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:286:in `load'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:233:in `load_schema'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:255:in `block in load_schema_current'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:304:in `block in each_current_configuration'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:303:in `each'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:303:in `each_current_configuration'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:254:in `load_schema_current'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:248:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/activerecord-5.1.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:252:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:21:in `block in perform'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands/rake/rake_command.rb:18:in `perform'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/command.rb:46:in `invoke'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/railties-5.1.4/lib/rails/commands.rb:16:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/src/app/bin/rails:9:in `require'
/usr/src/app/bin/rails:9:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `load'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `call'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/client.rb:30:in `run'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/bin/spring:49:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/binstub.rb:31:in `load'
/usr/local/bundle/gems/spring-2.0.2/lib/spring/binstub.rb:31:in `<top (required)>'
/usr/src/app/bin/spring:15:in `<top (required)>'
bin/rails:3:in `load'
bin/rails:3:in `<main>'
Tasks: TOP => db:schema:load
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

我还没有发现任何其他 docker 用户遇到这个问题，我的同行也没有遇到同样的问题。当然，他们使用其他操作系统，例如MAC-OS或Debian。

每次我需要这些功能时，我都必须重新启动映像，或者有时从头开始重建整个 docker 生态系统，这非常耗时且烦人。

配置

这是我的 docker-compose.yml 文件：

version: '3.5'
services:
  web:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: ./docker/web/Dockerfile
    container_name: myapp_web
    environment:
      RAILS_ENV: development
      APP_IP: 174.21.0.2
      OMNIAUTH_IP: 174.21.1.5
    hostname: test.host
    volumes:
      - ./:/usr/src/app
    ports:
      - 3000:3000
      - 4567:4567
    links:
      - mysql
    # For using pry
    stdin_open: true
    tty: true
    env_file: .env
    networks:
      net:
        ipv4_address: 174.21.0.2
    extra_hosts:
      - "test.host:174.21.0.2"
      - "myapp.host:174.21.0.2"

  mysql:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: ./docker/mysql/Dockerfile
    container_name: myapp_mysql
    env_file: .env
    command: [mysqld, --character-set-server=utf8mb4, --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci]
    ports:
      - 32788:3306
    volumes:
      - ./:/usr/src/app
      - ./docker/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql
    networks:
      net:
        ipv4_address: 174.21.0.4
networks:
  net:
    driver: bridge
    ipam:
      config:
        - subnet: 174.21.1.0/16
    name: myapp_dev_net

volumes:
  gems:

这是我的 MySQL Dockerfile：

FROM mysql:5.6

预期行为

我希望我的 docker 实现能够正常工作，当我需要对数据库进行一些更改时，我不想每 15 分钟重新启动一次容器。欢迎任何建议。

其他问题

有什么理由说明为什么会在 Ubuntu 18 中而不是在 Debian 或 MAC-OS 中发生这种情况？我是 Ubuntu 的粉丝，我想在 Ubuntu 中解决这个问题，但是如果切换操作系统可以改善我使用 docker 的体验，我会毫无疑问地做到这一点。

标签： mysqlruby-on-railsdockerdocker-compose

解决方案

似乎您有两个用户试图更改 mysql 目录。也许代替，您可以在您的目录上chown尝试 a 。chmod 777也许也是tmpdirmysql使用的（/tmp或运行时可以看到的任何目录show variables like '%tmpdir%';）

但是，您是从容器内部还是从 ubuntu 启动 ruby​​ 控制台？唯一连接到您的数据库的用户应该在您的 mysql 容器中。您应该使用端口绑定连接到数据库。

您还可以尝试安装一个卷，以便使用 docker 存储/持久化您的数据：有关卷的更多信息。更改您的 docker-compose 文件：

[file start...]
mysql:
  build:
    context: .
    dockerfile: ./docker/mysql/Dockerfile
  container_name: myapp_mysql
  env_file: .env
  command: [mysqld, --character-set-server=utf8mb4, --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci]
  ports:
    - 32788:3306
  volumes:
    - ./:/usr/src/app
# CHANGE HERE
    - mysqldata:/var/lib/mysql
  networks:
    net:
      ipv4_address: 174.21.0.4
[more file...]
volumes:
  gems:
# AND CHANGE HERE
  mysqldata:

您的 mysqldata 卷将在容器的两次启动之间保持不变，并且在容器内，您应该不会遇到权限问题。它似乎是默认的。

如果您需要恢复当前状态，只有在第一次从当前设置切换到基于卷的设置时，您可以制作一个 mysqldump，将其放在您已经安装的文件夹- ./:/usr/src/app（或任何其他文件夹）中，然后恢复您的数据库从容器内部。

我不知道为什么这种行为与其他操作系统不同。我使用一个卷来保存 mysql 数据。

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