python - 使用 Python 或 XSLT 将复杂的 XML 转换为 CSV
问题描述
使用 Python 或 XSLT，我想知道如何将高度复杂的分层嵌套 XML 文件转换为 CSV，包括所有子元素，并且无需硬编码尽可能少的元素节点，还是合理/有效？
请找到附加的简化 XML 示例和输出 CSV，以便更好地理解我想要实现的目标。
实际的 XML 文件有更多的元素，但数据层次结构和嵌套与示例中的一样。<InvoiceRow>元素及其子元素是 XML 文件中唯一的重复元素，所有其他元素都是静态的，在输出 CSV 中重复的次数<InvoiceRow>与 XML 文件中的元素一样多。
这是给我带来麻烦的重复<InvoiceRow>元素。不重复的元素很容易转换为 CSV，无需对任何元素进行硬编码。
复杂的 XML 场景，分层数据结构和多个一对多关系都存储在单个 XML 文件中。结构化文本文件。
示例 XML 输入：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<Invoice>
<SellerDetails>
<Identifier>1234-1</Identifier>
<SellerAddress>
<SellerStreet>Street1</SellerStreet>
<SellerTown>Town1</SellerTown>
</SellerAddress>
</SellerDetails>
<BuyerDetails>
<BuyerIdentifier>1234-2</BuyerIdentifier>
<BuyerAddress>
<BuyerStreet>Street2</BuyerStreet>
<BuyerTown>Town2</BuyerTown>
</BuyerAddress>
</BuyerDetails>
<BuyerNumber>001234</BuyerNumber>
<InvoiceDetails>
<InvoiceNumber>0001</InvoiceNumber>
</InvoiceDetails>
<InvoiceRow>
<ArticleName>Article1</ArticleName>
<RowText>Product Text1</RowText>
<RowText>Product Text2</RowText>
<RowAmount AmountCurrencyIdentifier="EUR">10.00</RowAmount>
</InvoiceRow>
<InvoiceRow>
<ArticleName>Article2</ArticleName>
<RowText>Product Text11</RowText>
<RowText>Product Text22</RowText>
<RowAmount AmountCurrencyIdentifier="EUR">20.00</RowAmount>
</InvoiceRow>
<InvoiceRow>
<ArticleName>Article3</ArticleName>
<RowText>Product Text111</RowText>
<RowText>Product Text222</RowText>
<RowAmount AmountCurrencyIdentifier="EUR">30.00</RowAmount>
</InvoiceRow>
<EpiDetails>
<EpiPartyDetails>
<EpiBfiPartyDetails>
<EpiBfiIdentifier IdentificationSchemeName="BIC">XXXXX</EpiBfiIdentifier>
</EpiBfiPartyDetails>
</EpiPartyDetails>
</EpiDetails>
<InvoiceUrlText>Some text</InvoiceUrlText>
</Invoice>
CSV 输出示例：
Identifier,SellerStreet,SellerTown,BuyerIdentifier,BuyerStreet,BuyerTown,BuyerNumber,InvoiceNumber,ArticleName,RowText,RowText,RowAmount,EpiBfiIdentifier,InvoiceUrlText
1234-1,Street1,Town1,1234-2,Street2,Town2,1234,1,Article1,Product Text1,Product Text2,10,XXXXX,Some text
1234-1,Street1,Town1,1234-2,Street2,Town2,1234,1,Article2,Product Text11,Product Text22,20,XXXXX,Some text
1234-1,Street1,Town1,1234-2,Street2,Town2,1234,1,Article3,Product Text111,Product Text222,30,XXXXX,Some text
解决方案
考虑以下示例：
XML
<Invoice>
<SellerDetails>
<Identifier>1234-1</Identifier>
<SellerAddress>
<SellerStreet>Street1</SellerStreet>
<SellerTown>Town1</SellerTown>
</SellerAddress>
</SellerDetails>
<BuyerDetails>
<BuyerIdentifier>1234-2</BuyerIdentifier>
<BuyerAddress>
<BuyerStreet>Street2</BuyerStreet>
<BuyerTown>Town2</BuyerTown>
</BuyerAddress>
</BuyerDetails>
<BuyerNumber>001234</BuyerNumber>
<InvoiceDetails>
<InvoiceNumber>0001</InvoiceNumber>
</InvoiceDetails>
<InvoiceRow>
<ArticleName>Article1</ArticleName>
<RowText>Product Text1</RowText>
<RowText>Product Text2</RowText>
<RowAmount AmountCurrencyIdentifier="EUR">10.00</RowAmount>
</InvoiceRow>
<InvoiceRow>
<ArticleName>Article2</ArticleName>
<RowText>Product Text11</RowText>
<RowText>Product Text22</RowText>
<RowAmount AmountCurrencyIdentifier="EUR">20.00</RowAmount>
</InvoiceRow>
<InvoiceRow>
<ArticleName>Article3</ArticleName>
<RowText>Product Text111</RowText>
<RowText>Product Text222</RowText>
<RowAmount AmountCurrencyIdentifier="EUR">30.00</RowAmount>
</InvoiceRow>
<EpiDetails>
<EpiPartyDetails>
<EpiBfiPartyDetails>
<EpiBfiIdentifier IdentificationSchemeName="BIC">XXXXX</EpiBfiIdentifier>
</EpiBfiPartyDetails>
</EpiPartyDetails>
</EpiDetails>
<InvoiceUrlText>Some text</InvoiceUrlText>
</Invoice>
XSLT 1.0
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:output method="text"/>
<xsl:template match="Invoice">
<xsl:variable name="common-head">
<xsl:value-of select="SellerDetails/Identifier"/>
<xsl:text>,</xsl:text>
<xsl:value-of select="BuyerDetails/BuyerIdentifier"/>
<xsl:text>,</xsl:text>
<xsl:value-of select="InvoiceDetails/InvoiceNumber"/>
<xsl:text>,</xsl:text>
<!-- add more here -->
</xsl:variable>
<xsl:variable name="common-tail">
<xsl:value-of select="EpiDetails/EpiPartyDetails/EpiBfiPartyDetails/EpiBfiIdentifier"/>
<xsl:text>,</xsl:text>
<!-- add more here -->
<xsl:value-of select="InvoiceUrlText"/>
</xsl:variable>
<!-- header -->
<xsl:text>SellerIdentifier,BuyerIdentifier,InvoiceNumber,ArticleName,RowText,RowText,RowAmount,EpiBfiIdentifier,InvoiceUrlText </xsl:text>
<!-- data -->
<xsl:for-each select="InvoiceRow">
<xsl:copy-of select="$common-head"/>
<xsl:value-of select="ArticleName"/>
<xsl:text>,</xsl:text>
<xsl:value-of select="RowAmount"/>
<xsl:text>,</xsl:text>
<!-- add more here -->
<xsl:copy-of select="$common-tail"/>
<xsl:text> </xsl:text>
</xsl:for-each>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
结果
SellerIdentifier,BuyerIdentifier,InvoiceNumber,ArticleName,RowText,RowText,RowAmount,EpiBfiIdentifier,InvoiceUrlText
1234-1,1234-2,0001,Article1,10.00,XXXXX,Some text
1234-1,1234-2,0001,Article2,20.00,XXXXX,Some text
1234-1,1234-2,0001,Article3,30.00,XXXXX,Some text
添加以响应：
XSLT 中有没有办法使用循环获得相同的结果？例如循环并输出除 InvoiceRow 元素之外的所有元素和子元素，反之亦然？
如果您愿意，可以尝试以下方法：
XSLT 1.0
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:output method="text"/>
<xsl:template match="Invoice">
<xsl:variable name="invoice-fields" select="//*[not(*) and not(ancestor::InvoiceRow)]" />
<xsl:variable name="common-data">
<xsl:for-each select="$invoice-fields">
<xsl:value-of select="."/>
<xsl:text>,</xsl:text>
</xsl:for-each>
</xsl:variable>
<!-- header -->
<xsl:for-each select="$invoice-fields">
<xsl:value-of select="name()"/>
<xsl:text>,</xsl:text>
</xsl:for-each>
<xsl:for-each select="InvoiceRow[1]/*">
<xsl:value-of select="name()"/>
<xsl:if test="position()!=last()">,</xsl:if>
</xsl:for-each>
<xsl:text> </xsl:text>
<!-- data -->
<xsl:for-each select="InvoiceRow">
<xsl:copy-of select="$common-data"/>
<xsl:for-each select="*">
<xsl:value-of select="."/>
<xsl:if test="position()!=last()">,</xsl:if>
</xsl:for-each>
<xsl:text> </xsl:text>
</xsl:for-each>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
这里的结果是：
Identifier,SellerStreet,SellerTown,BuyerIdentifier,BuyerStreet,BuyerTown,BuyerNumber,InvoiceNumber,EpiBfiIdentifier,InvoiceUrlText,ArticleName,RowText,RowText,RowAmount
1234-1,Street1,Town1,1234-2,Street2,Town2,001234,0001,XXXXX,Some text,Article1,Product Text1,Product Text2,10.00
1234-1,Street1,Town1,1234-2,Street2,Town2,001234,0001,XXXXX,Some text,Article2,Product Text11,Product Text22,20.00
1234-1,Street1,Town1,1234-2,Street2,Town2,001234,0001,XXXXX,Some text,Article3,Product Text111,Product Text222,30.00
即在行字段之前列出所有发票字段。
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