c++ - 使用带类的链表

问题描述

这是一个作为帮助发送给我的代码示例。我确实了解了一些事情，尽管我现在不确定是否应该为我创建的每个变量设置 setter 和 getter？

我正在研究的程序有很多变量，因为它是一个存储信息和东西的程序。如果不是太多，是否有人可以简化它？如果在这种状态下是不可能的，那也没关系。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
//This is the class to be used
//as a node in the linked list.
class Node
{
    //this are private members,
    //since they are declared as private
    //they can only be accessed by this class
    //which will ensure data security :) (this is called encapsulation)
    private:
        int id;
        string name;
        Node *next;

    //This are public member functions
    //These functions are the only way to access
    //the data members of the Node class
    public:
        //These function are called setter/mutators
        void setId(int);//this function will set the id data member
        void setName(string);//this function will set the name data member
        void setNext(Node*);//this function will set the next pointer

        //These functions are called getters/accessors
        int getId();//this function will get/return the value of the id data member
        string getName();//this function will get/return the value of the name data member
        Node* getNext();//this function will get/return the address of the next node
}*head = NULL, *tail = NULL;

//This function will traverse the linked list.
//It is placed outside the class because it is not needed
//to be one of the class function members 
void traverse(Node*);

int main()
{
    char response = 'y';
    //variable declarations for inputs
    int inputData;
    string inputName;

    while(response == 'y')//this will loop the input phase
    {
        system("cls");
        cout<<"Enter ID: ";
        cin>>inputData;
        cin.ignore();
        cout<<"Enter name: ";
        getline(cin,inputName);
        //Note about the dot (.) operator and the arrow (->)
        //operator: the dot operator is used when accessing
        //structure or class members without using a pointer,
        //while the arrow operator is used to access structure
        //or class members when using pointers
        Node *node = new Node;
        node->setId(inputData);//calls the setId member function
        node->setName(inputName);//calls the setName member function
        node->setNext(NULL);//calls the setNext member function
        if(head==NULL)
        {   
            head = node;
        }

        if(tail==NULL)
        {
            tail = node;
        }
        else
        {
            tail->setNext(node);
            tail = node;
        }

        cout<<"Enter another?: ";
        cin>>response;
    }
    traverse(head);
    return 0;
}




//Here are the function members definitions
void Node::setId(int id)
{
    this->id = id;
}



void Node::setName(string name)
{
    this->name = name;
}



void Node::setNext(Node *next)
{
    this->next = next;
}



int Node::getId()
{
    return this->id;
}



string Node::getName()
{
    return this->name;
}



Node* Node::getNext()
{
    return this->next;
}



//This is the function definition of the traverse function
void traverse(Node *node)
{
    system("cls");
    while(node != NULL)
    {
        cout<<"ID: "<<node->getId()<<endl;
        cout<<"Name: "<<node->getName()<<endl<<endl;
        node = node->getNext();
    }
}

标签： c++classooplinked-list

不太确定，你需要什么。但是，如果您希望使用基于类的实现（而不是功能 C 方式）的链表std::list是您的关键。下面提供了显示如何使用 for-each 循环添加和遍历两个元素的最少代码：

#include <list>
#include <iostream>

int main(){
    std::list<int> my_list;
    my_list.push_back(12);
    my_list.push_back(34);

    for(const auto i: my_list){
        std::cout << i << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;
}

如果您刚刚开始使用 C++，强烈建议您花一些时间阅读一本好的 C++ 书籍。C++ Primer 5th Edition (Not Primer plus) 通常是一本适合初学者的好书。

c++ - 使用带类的链表

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