python - Docker：避免必须运行所有容器并且必须再次构建映像
问题描述
当我想对在 Docker 容器中运行的 python 文件进行编辑时，我必须重新运行大多数 Docker 设置命令才能在 Docker 中考虑这些更改。当我进行编辑、保存甚至调用时
docker kill link_api
docker rm link_api
docker run -dit --restart unless-stopped --name=link_api -e FLASK_APP=database.py -p 5000:5000 --
network my-network link_api_image
docker logs -f link_api
同样的错误仍然出现。此外，这会导致相同的错误：docker container restart link_api
因此，我需要杀死、rm 两个容器并再次从我的初始例程开始：
# Only the very first time, afterwards skip:
docker network create my-network
# Run mysql container andadd it to my-network
docker run -dit --restart unless-stopped --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -e MYSQL_DATABASE=demo -v ~/Desktop/new_demo_db_folder:/var/lib/mysql --network my-network -dit mysql:latest --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
docker build -t link_api_image .
docker run -dit --restart unless-stopped --name=link_api -e FLASK_APP=database.py -p 5000:5000 --network my-network link_api_image
docker logs -f link_api
#Open another terminal
docker exec -it some-mysql bash
# Now we are inside the mysql container in a separate process. Let's run the mysql client app so that we can execute SQL queries
mysql -uroot -p
#Enter Passwort
现在，我可以重新运行命令并且错误消失了（它现在正在执行编辑的代码）。
我怎么能跳过这些步骤来节省调试时间。不在 Docker 容器中运行它不是一个选项，因为否则我无法连接到数据库。
谢谢您的帮助！
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 编辑 - - - - - - - - - - - - ---
使用 docker-compose.yml 文件时，我收到以下错误消息：
docker-compose up --build
Creating network "assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_default" with the default driver
Building link-api
Step 1/7 : FROM python:3
---> d47898c6f4b0
Step 2/7 : COPY . /app
---> c8dbb4404399
Step 3/7 : WORKDIR /app
---> Running in 152ccecb6f14
Removing intermediate container 152ccecb6f14
---> f0c2d14ba0f8
Step 4/7 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
---> Running in 3fcdf8172dda
Collecting flask==1.1.1
Downloading Flask-1.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (94 kB)
Collecting mysqlclient==1.4.6
Downloading mysqlclient-1.4.6.tar.gz (85 kB)
Collecting Jinja2>=2.10.1
Downloading Jinja2-2.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (126 kB)
Collecting click>=5.1
Downloading click-7.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (82 kB)
Collecting Werkzeug>=0.15
Downloading Werkzeug-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (298 kB)
Collecting itsdangerous>=0.24
Downloading itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23
Downloading MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (32 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: mysqlclient
Building wheel for mysqlclient (setup.py): started
Building wheel for mysqlclient (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
Created wheel for mysqlclient: filename=mysqlclient-1.4.6-cp38-cp38-linux_x86_64.whl size=116053 sha256=b25b6e9dc0f92e443ee8a6daac87ef71c759b44ad0730369aa465c8b26609095
Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/8a/3c/e6/347e293dbcd62352ee2806f68d624aae821bca7efe0070c963Successfully built mysqlclient
Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, Jinja2, click, Werkzeug, itsdangerous, flask, mysqlclient
Successfully installed Jinja2-2.11.1 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Werkzeug-1.0.1 click-7.1.1 flask-1.1.1 itsdangerous-1.1.0 mysqlclient-1.4.6
Removing intermediate container 3fcdf8172dda
---> 71bda153bd31
Step 5/7 : EXPOSE 5000
---> Running in a49eb471dabb
Removing intermediate container a49eb471dabb
---> c2d79d00ac7e
Step 6/7 : ENTRYPOINT ["flask"]
---> Running in 09e4ae9cd21c
Removing intermediate container 09e4ae9cd21c
---> 63539b6e533b
Step 7/7 : CMD ["run", "--host=0.0.0.0"]
---> Running in ff756d15dc1a
Removing intermediate container ff756d15dc1a
---> 576d008b2d3f
Successfully built 576d008b2d3f
Successfully tagged assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_link-api:latest
Creating assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_some-mysql_1 ...Creating assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_some-mysql_1 ...Creating assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_link-api_1 ...Creating assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_link-api_1 ...Attaching to assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_some-mysql_1, assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_link-api_1
some-mysql_1 | 2020-04-02 15:26:43+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.19-1debian10 started.
some-mysql_1 | 2020-04-02 15:26:43+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Switching to dedicated user 'mysql'
some-mysql_1 | 2020-04-02 15:26:43+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Entrypoint script for MySQL Server 8.0.19-1debian10 started.
some-mysql_1 | 2020-04-02 15:26:43+00:00 [Note] [Entrypoint]: Initializing database files
some-mysql_1 | 2020-04-02T15:26:43.299596Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
some-mysql_1 | 2020-04-02T15:26:43.299985Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.19) initializing of server in progress as process 44
some-mysql_1 | 2020-04-02T15:26:43.313752Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010159] [Server] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /var/lib/mysql/ is case insensitive
link-api_1 | * Environment: production
link-api_1 | WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
link-api_1 | Use a production WSGI server instead.
link-api_1 | * Debug mode: off
link-api_1 | Usage: flask run [OPTIONS]
link-api_1 |
link-api_1 | Error: Could not locate a Flask application. You did not provide the "FLASK_APP" environment variable, and a "wsgi.py" or "app.py" module was not found in the current directory.
link-api_1 | * Environment: production
link-api_1 | WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
link-api_1 | Use a production WSGI server instead.
link-api_1 | * Debug mode: off
link-api_1 | Usage: flask run [OPTIONS]
link-api_1 |
link-api_1 | Error: Could not locate a Flask application. You did not provide the "FLASK_APP" environment variable, and a "wsgi.py" or "app.py" module was not found in the current directory.
assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_link-api_1 exited with code 2
link-api_1 | * Environment: production
link-api_1 | WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
link-api_1 | Use a production WSGI server instead.
link-api_1 | * Debug mode: off
link-api_1 | Usage: flask run [OPTIONS]
link-api_1 |
link-api_1 | Error: Could not locate a Flask application. You did not provide the "FLASK_APP" environment variable, and a "wsgi.py" or "app.py" module was not found in the current directory.
assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_link-api_1 exited with code 2
link-api_1 | * Environment: production
link-api_1 | WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
link-api_1 | Use a production WSGI server instead.
link-api_1 | * Debug mode: off
link-api_1 | Usage: flask run [OPTIONS]
link-api_1 |
link-api_1 | Error: Could not locate a Flask application. You did not provide the "FLASK_APP" environment variable, and a "wsgi.py" or "app.py" module was not found in the current directory.
assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_link-api_1 exited with code 2
link-api_1 | * Environment: production
link-api_1 | WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
link-api_1 | Use a production WSGI server instead.
link-api_1 | * Debug mode: off
link-api_1 | Usage: flask run [OPTIONS]
link-api_1 |
link-api_1 | Error: Could not locate a Flask application. You did not provide the "FLASK_APP" environment variable, and a "wsgi.py" or "app.py" module was not found in the current directory.
assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_link-api_1 exited with code 2
some-mysql_1 | mysqld: Cannot change permissions of
the file 'ca.pem' (OS errno 1 - Operation not permitted)
some-mysql_1 | 2020-04-02T15:26:48.294958Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010295] [Server] Could not set file permission for ca.pem
some-mysql_1 | 2020-04-02T15:26:48.295183Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-013236] [Server] The designated data directory /var/lib/mysql/ is unusable. You can remove all files
that the server added to it.
some-mysql_1 | 2020-04-02T15:26:48.295514Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
link-api_1 | * Environment: production
link-api_1 | WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
link-api_1 | Use a production WSGI server instead.
link-api_1 | * Debug mode: off
link-api_1 | Usage: flask run [OPTIONS]
link-api_1 |
link-api_1 | Error: Could not locate a Flask application. You did not provide the "FLASK_APP" environment variable, and a "wsgi.py" or "app.py" module was not found in the current directory.
some-mysql_1 | 2020-04-02T15:26:50.202409Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.19) MySQL Community Server - GPL.
assign-2-sp20-alexanderfarr_link-api_1 exited with code 2
我需要改变什么？
解决方案
最简单的选择是直接在主机上运行您的应用程序代码。如果唯一阻止此操作的是对数据库的访问，您可以在命令中添加一个命令行选项-p 3306:3306（docker run ... mysql之前mysql），并将您的应用程序配置为联系localhost端口 3306。（在开发与运行应用程序时，您将有不同的设置运行您的应用程序。在一个容器中，这没关系。）如果您已经在端口 3306 上有一个本地 MySQL，请为选项中的第一个端口号选择一些不同的数字，-p并将您的配置更改为指向备用端口。
对于这样的多容器设置，Docker Compose可以封装所有这些不同的docker run选项和设置。将您在此处显示的命令转换为docker-compose.yml文件可能如下所示：
version: '3'
services:
some-mysql:
image: 'mysql:latest'
restart: unless-stopped
environment:
- MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw
- MYSQL_DATABASE=demo
volumes:
- './new_demo_db_folder:/var/lib/mysql'
# ports:
# - '3306:3306'
command: --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
link-api:
build: .
restart: unless-stopped
ports:
- 5000:5000
depends_on:
- some-mysql
现在你可以运行了docker-compose up --build，它会重建你的应用程序代码，重新创建你的应用程序容器，并重新启动一切；它将有效地执行您在初始设置中列出的所有命令。Compose 会为您创建一个默认网络（请参阅Compose 中的网络），因此您不需要显式的网络选项；您应该能够将此处的其他设置与您的docker run命令中的内容相匹配。您可以将此文件与您的应用程序一起签入源代码管理，以便其他人重现您的设置。
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