首页 > 解决方案 > 在父工厂上存储 factory-boy RelatedFactory 对象

问题描述

我有两个相互包含s 的Django 模型 (Customer和)。我正在使用 factory-boy 来管理这些模型的创建,并且无法将子工厂实例保存到父工厂(使用使用类定义的关系)。CustomerAddressForeignKeyRelatedFactory

我的两个模型:

class ExampleCustomerAddress(models.Model):
    # Every customer mailing address is assigned to a single Customer,
    # though Customers may have multiple addresses.
    customer = models.ForeignKey('ExampleCustomer', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

class ExampleCustomer(models.Model):
    # Each customer has a single (optional) default billing address:
    default_billto = models.ForeignKey(
        'ExampleCustomerAddress',
        on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
        blank=True,
        null=True,
        related_name='+')

我有两个工厂,每个型号一个:

class ExampleCustomerAddressFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta:
        model = ExampleCustomerAddress

    customer = factory.SubFactory(
        'ExampleCustomerFactory',
        default_billto=None)  # Set to None to prevent recursive address creation.

class ExampleCustomerFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta:
        model = ExampleCustomer

    default_billto = factory.RelatedFactory(ExampleCustomerAddressFactory,
                                            'customer')

创建 aExampleCustomerFactory时,default_billtoNone,即使 aExampleCustomerAddress已经创建:

In [14]: ec = ExampleCustomerFactory.build()

In [15]: ec.default_billto is None
Out[15]: True

(使用时create(),数据库中存在一个新ExampleCustomerAddress的。我build()这里使用是为了简化示例)。

按预期创建ExampleCustomerAddress作品,Customer并自动创建:

In [22]: eca = ExampleCustomerAddressFactory.build()

In [23]: eca.customer
Out[23]: <ExampleCustomer: ExampleCustomer object>

In [24]: eca.customer.default_billto is None
Out[24]: True  <-- I was expecting this to be set to an `ExampleCustomerAddress!`.

我觉得我在这里要疯了,错过了一些非常简单的东西。我得到的印象是我遇到了这个错误,因为这两个模型是如何相互包含ForeignKeys的。

标签: pythondjangofactory-boy

解决方案


首先,一个简单的经验法则:当你关注 a 时ForeignKey总是更喜欢 a SubFactoryRelatedFactory旨在遵循相反的关系。

让我们依次看看每个工厂。

ExampleCustomerAddressFactory

当我们在没有客户的情况下调用这家工厂时,我们将希望获得一个与客户相关联的地址,并将其用作该客户的默认地址。

但是,当我们与客户通话时,请不要更改它。

以下将起作用:

class ExampleCustomerAddressFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta:
        model = ExampleCustomerAddress

    # Fill the Customer unless provided
    customer = factory.SubFactory(
        ExampleCustomerFactory,
        # We can't provide ourself there, since we aren't saved to the database yet.
        default_billto=None,
    )

    @factory.post_generation
    def set_customer_billto(obj, create, *args, **kwargs):
        """Set the default billto of the customer to ourselves if empty"""
        if obj.customer.default_billto is None:
            obj.customer.default_billto = obj
            if create:
                obj.customer.save()

在这里,我们将新创建的客户价值设置为“我们”;请注意,此逻辑也可以移至ExampleCustomerAddress.save().

ExampleCustomerFactory

对于这个工厂,规则更简单:创建客户时,创建一个默认帐单地址(除非已提供值)。

class ExampleCustomerFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta:
        model = ExampleCustomer

    # We can't use a SubFactory here, since that would be evaluated before
    # the Customer has been saved.
    default_billto = factory.RelatedFactory(
        ExampleCustomerAddressFactory,
        'customer',
    )

该工厂将按如下方式运行:

  1. 用;创建ExampleCustomer实例default_billto=None
  2. ExampleCustomerAddressFactory(customer=obj)与新创建的客户通话;
  3. ExampleCustomerAddress该工厂将与该客户创建一个;
  4. 然后,该工厂中的后生成挂钩将检测到客户没有default_billto,并将覆盖它。

笔记

  • 我没有对此进行测试,因此可能会出现一些拼写错误或小错误;
  • 由您决定首先声明哪个工厂,使用目标工厂的路径而不是直接引用;
  • 如上所述,当客户的默认帐单地址为空并将地址添加到该客户时,设置该客户的默认帐单地址的逻辑可以移动到模型的.save()方法中。

推荐阅读