python - 错误消息：没有配置 DjangoTemplates 后端
问题描述
我是一个很老的人，5-6 年前使用了一点 Django。一位朋友帮助我开发了一个满足我需求的小程序，该工具的灵活性给我留下了深刻的印象。一年后，不再需要，所以我停止使用它。
今天，回到 Django，我花了一天时间了解如何在 Windows 10 上重新安装 Python 和 Django，并使用我用于学习的不同旧代码（学校案例练习效果很好）测试了 Django。我仍然有文件（代码、模板、输入和输出），但我收到一条错误消息。我想此消息可能来自语法更改（新版本？？）或不完整的安装。有关信息，我从 Notepad++ 运行我的程序。
我不明白为什么错误消息是指像“base.py”这样的文件。
对于专家来说，解决问题可能很容易，但对我来说，这就像攀登珠穆朗玛峰。因此，如果有人有想法，我将不胜感激。非常感谢
为了提供帮助，我准备了一些资料。
1/
- _ code
_ errors messages (at running)
_ template
_ input
_ output (I got before)
2/
- _ Installation of Python and Django (commands I used)
非常感谢你的帮助 ！
1/.....==== ==== 代码（文件：main.py）====
from django.conf import settings # Don't be bothered by it
from django.template import Template, Context # Don't be bothered by it
import data
with open(data.PICS_FILE, 'r', encoding='iso8859') as f:
content = f.read() # content will be a string
lines = content.split('\n')[0:-1] ## \n: Newline character
finals = list(map(lambda line: line.split('\t')[0:-1], lines)) # we export the spreadsheet as a TAB-delimited file
list_dict = []
## finals[0]
for final in finals[1:]:
d = {
finals[0][0]: final[0], # finals[0][0]: zeroth row, zeroth column
finals[0][1]: final[1],
finals[0][2]: final[2],
finals[0][3]: final[3],
finals[0][4]: final[4],
# finals[0][5]: final[5],
# finals[0][6]: final[6],
}
list_dict.append(d)
data.DATA['pics'] = list_dict
print(data.DATA)
with open('template.html', 'r') as f:
template_str = f.read()
settings.configure() # Set-up Django before using its functionalities
t = Template(template_str) # Django Template object
c = Context(data.DATA) # Django Context object
final_html = t.render(c) # returns a Python string
#strs = map(lambda d: template_str % d, list_dict)
#final_html = '\n\n'.join(strs)
with open('output.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(final_html)
=============
=== 运行 (main.py) 和错误消息 ====
Python 3.7.7 (tags/v3.7.7:d7c567b08f, Mar 10 2020, 10:41:24) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>>
============ RESTART: F:\recherche code Python\test_meeting3\main.py ===========
{'title': 'Excellent ! Félicitations ! ', 'titleNote': "I deleted comment11 et comment12 ('Empty' ,nothing in cell, in pics.txt)", 'commentBottom1': 'Ceci est un nouveau commentaire', 'commentBottom2': 'Nouveau comment2', 'pics': [{'comment1': '', 'comment2': '', 'linkext': 'pict/nopict.png', 'linklocal': 'pict/nopict.png', 'comment3': "comment31éùÉê'est"}, {'comment1': 'Ceci est mon commentaire :', 'comment2': 'Le programme fonctionne bien', 'linkext': 'http://amolife.com/image/images/stories/beautiful%20birds/beautiful-birds-1.jpg', 'linklocal': 'pict/pict8.jpg', 'comment3': "comment32éùÉê'est"}, {'comment1': "comment13éùÉê'est", 'comment2': "comment23éùÉê'est", 'linkext': 'http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.squarespace.com%2Fstatic%2F50392129c4aa2c5a0b86bd15%2F50392129c4aa2c5a0b86bd27%2F5039251ac4aa2c5a0b86c275%2F1345922330960%2Fcbm1.jpeg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.companionbirdsministries.com%2F&h=300&w=590&tbnid=Kc0MRAGD30P6SM%3A&zoom=1&docid=DRtvtVIYyeX4UM&ei=KhmeVJynN8qiyASVx4KoAw&tbm=isch&ved=0CCQQMygJMAk&iact=rc&uact=3&dur=1581&page=1&start=0&ndsp=15', 'linklocal': 'pict/pict9.jpg', 'comment3': "comment33éùÉê'est"}]}
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "F:\recherche code Python\test_meeting3\main.py", line 37, in <module>
t = Template(template_str) # Django Template object
File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\template\base.py", line 149, in __init__
engine = Engine.get_default()
File "C:\Python37\lib\site-packages\django\template\engine.py", line 79, in get_default
raise ImproperlyConfigured('No DjangoTemplates backend is configured.')
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: No DjangoTemplates backend is configured.
>>>
========= ===template.html===
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="eng">
<head id="page_header">
<title>Test Python</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<link href="exo_test.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body >
<!-- id_title -->
<div id="id_title">
<!-- id_title_up -->
<div id="id_title_up" align="left" >
<h2 >
{{ title }}</BR>
</h2>
<a><font size="2" color="white">
{{ titleNote }} </BR></font>
</div>
<!-- End id_title_up -->
</div>
<!-- frame for displaying pict -->
<div id="id_frame_pict">
<!-- n pict -->
{% for pic in pics %}
<pre> {{ pic.comment1 }}
{{ pic.comment2 }}
<a href="{{ pic.linkext }}" target="blank"><img src="{{ pic.linklocal }}" width="50" alt="No pict"/></a><span style="color: #5500ff;"> {{ pic.comment3 }}</span></pre>
<a>----------------------------------------------------------</a>
{% endfor %}
<!-- end of n pict-->
</div>
<!-- en of frame for displaying pict --
<!--%%%%% Comment end of page %%%%%%%%-->
<div id="id_frame_bottom">
<a><font size="3" color="red">
{{ commentBottom1 }} </BR></font>
<a><font size="2" color="grey">
{{ commentBottom2 }} </BR></font>
<!--%% End of comment end of page %%-->
</div>
</body>
</html>
====== ==== output.html 我在 5 或 6 年前得到的===
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="eng">
<head id="page_header">
<title>Test Python</title>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<link href="exo_test.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body >
<!-- id_title -->
<div id="id_title">
<!-- id_title_up -->
<div id="id_title_up" align="left" >
<h2 >
Excellent ! Félicitations ! </BR>
</h2>
<a><font size="2" color="white">
I deleted comment11 et comment12 ('Empty' ,nothing in cell, in pics.txt) </BR></font>
</div>
<!-- End id_title_up -->
</div>
<!-- frame for displaying pict -->
<div id="id_frame_pict">
<!-- n pict -->
<pre>
<a href="pict/nopict.png" target="blank"><img src="pict/nopict.png" width="50" alt="No pict"/></a><span style="color: #5500ff;"> comment31éùÉê'est</span></pre>
<a>----------------------------------------------------------</a>
<pre> Ceci est mon commentaire :
Le programme fonctionne bien
<a href="http://amolife.com/image/images/stories/beautiful%20birds/beautiful-birds-1.jpg" target="blank"><img src="pict/pict8.jpg" width="50" alt="No pict"/></a><span style="color: #5500ff;"> comment32éùÉê'est</span></pre>
<a>----------------------------------------------------------</a>
<pre> comment13éùÉê'est
comment23éùÉê'est
<a href="http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic.squarespace.com%2Fstatic%2F50392129c4aa2c5a0b86bd15%2F50392129c4aa2c5a0b86bd27%2F5039251ac4aa2c5a0b86c275%2F1345922330960%2Fcbm1.jpeg&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.companionbirdsministries.com%2F&h=300&w=590&tbnid=Kc0MRAGD30P6SM%3A&zoom=1&docid=DRtvtVIYyeX4UM&ei=KhmeVJynN8qiyASVx4KoAw&tbm=isch&ved=0CCQQMygJMAk&iact=rc&uact=3&dur=1581&page=1&start=0&ndsp=15" target="blank"><img src="pict/pict9.jpg" width="50" alt="No pict"/></a><span style="color: #5500ff;"> comment33éùÉê'est</span></pre>
<a>----------------------------------------------------------</a>
<!-- end of n pict-->
</div>
<!-- en of frame for displaying pict --
<!--%%%%% Comment end of page %%%%%%%%-->
<div id="id_frame_bottom">
<a><font size="3" color="red">
Ceci est un nouveau commentaire </BR></font>
<a><font size="2" color="grey">
Nouveau comment2 </BR></font>
<!--%% End of comment end of page %%-->
</div>
</body>
</html>
============
2/ Windows 10 安装 ===== W10- Python 和 Django****
=======================
Python installation :
Download installer : https://www.python.org/downloads/
Install Python
double-clicking on the downloaded file and following the installation prompts
Check the box labeled "Add Python to PATH"
"Choose installation"
check : all users
C:\Python37
cmd :
(version installée)
py -3 -V
(install virtual environment tool)
pip3 install virtualenvwrapper-win
(create a virtual environment for Django)
mkvirtualenv dev-wp
(activate virtal environment)
workon dev-wp
deactivate — Exit out of the current Python virtual environment
workon — List available virtual environments
workon name_of_environment — Activate the specified Python virtual environment
rmvirtualenv name_of_environment — Remove the specified environment.
Install Django :
pip3 install django
check installation :
py -m django --version (or : py -3 -m django --version )
=====================
project :
===========
create a folder :
mkdir quiz-pq
cd quiz-pq
===========
launch Python from notepad++ :
run --> path : C:\Python37\Lib\idlelib\idle.py "$(FULL_CURRENT_PATH)"
(Ctrl + shift + arrow right)
-- error : from django.conf : no module named 'django'===?
sous cmd :
C:\Users\user1>pip freeze
appdirs==1.4.3
distlib==0.3.0
filelock==3.0.12
importlib-metadata==1.6.0
six==1.14.0
virtualenv==20.0.17
virtualenvwrapper-win==1.2.6
zipp==3.1.0
C:\Users\user1>python
Python 3.7.7 (tags/v3.7.7:d7c567b08f, Mar 10 2020, 10:41:24) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'django'
>>>
---- solution -------
install Django :
pip install django
updgrade pip :
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
verify install :
django-admin --version
verif install :
C:\Users\user1>django-admin --version
3.0.5
===========
解决方案
问题解决了。请参阅下面我的程序文件中的修改。再次感谢你的帮助 ！
==== 之前：错误消息“没有配置 DjangoTemplates 后端。”====
settings.configure() # Set-up Django before using its functionalities
django.setup()
t = Template(template_str) # Django Template object
c = Context(DATA) # Django Context object
final_xml = t.render(c) # returns a Python string
=== 工作后，Djangotemplates 后端已配置 ================
TEMPLATES = [ # Setup Django templates backend
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': ['/path/to/template'],
}
]
settings.configure(TEMPLATES=TEMPLATES)
django.setup() # Set-up Django before using its functionalities
t = Template(template_str) # Django Template object
c = Context(DATA) # Django Context object
final_xml = t.render(c) # returns a Python string