c++ - 如何在主线程的 WaitForMultipleObjects 调用中间安全地终止工作线程？

Question

嗨，我正在将 C++ 与 Qt 框架一起用于 Windows 程序。我使用 Qt 线程，但这种情况也可能与其他线程 API 有关。我正在使用一个工作线程来使用Win API 中的ReadDirectoryChangesW和WaitForMultipleObjects来监视目录更改。我希望能够从主线程优雅地取消工作线程。我已经阅读了有关带有句柄和 OVERLAPPED 参数的CancelIOEx的信息，但是这些数据类型都是指针。是否有一些安全的方法可以将这些指针从工作线程安全地传递到主线程？有没有更好的做事方式？

这是这里的一些代码，但使用 WaitForSingleObject 而不是 WaitForMultipleObjects，将从工作线程调用该函数。我可以从链接中发布此代码吗？另请参阅此处以获取有关 Windows 开发中心之外的 ReadDirectoryChangesW 的宝贵信息。

谢谢！

void WatchDirectory(LPCWSTR path)
{
   char buf[2048];
   DWORD nRet;
   BOOL result=TRUE;
   char filename[MAX_PATH];
   DirInfo[0].hDir = CreateFile (path, GENERIC_READ|FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY, 
                                 FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE|FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
                                 NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS|FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
                                 NULL);

   if(DirInfo[0].hDir == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
   {
       return; //cannot open folder
   }

   lstrcpy( DirInfo[0].lpszDirName, path);
   OVERLAPPED PollingOverlap;

   FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION* pNotify;
   int offset;
   PollingOverlap.OffsetHigh = 0;
   PollingOverlap.hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL,TRUE,FALSE,NULL);
   while(result)
   {
       result = ReadDirectoryChangesW(
                  DirInfo[0].hDir,// handle to the directory to be watched
                  &buf,// pointer to the buffer to receive the read results
                  sizeof(buf),// length of lpBuffer
                  TRUE,// flag for monitoring directory or directory tree
                  FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME |
                  FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_DIR_NAME |
                  FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SIZE,
                //FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE |
                //FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_ACCESS |
                //FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_CREATION,
                &nRet,// number of bytes returned
                &PollingOverlap,// pointer to structure needed for overlapped I/O
                NULL);

       WaitForSingleObject(PollingOverlap.hEvent,INFINITE);
       offset = 0;
       int rename = 0;
       char oldName[260];
       char newName[260];
       do
       {
           pNotify = (FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION*)((char*)buf + offset);
           strcpy(filename, "");
           int filenamelen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, pNotify->FileName, pNotify->FileNameLength/2, filename, sizeof(filename), NULL, NULL);
           filename[pNotify->FileNameLength/2] = '';
           switch(pNotify->Action)
           {
               case FILE_ACTION_ADDED:
                   printf("\nThe file is added to the directory: [%s] \n", filename);
                   break;
               case FILE_ACTION_REMOVED:
                   printf("\nThe file is removed from the directory: [%s] \n", filename);
                   break;
               case FILE_ACTION_MODIFIED:
                   printf("\nThe file is modified. This can be a change in the time stamp or attributes: [%s]\n", filename);
                   break;
               case FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_OLD_NAME:
                   printf("\nThe file was renamed and this is the old name: [%s]\n", filename);
                   break;
               case FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_NEW_NAME:
                   printf("\nThe file was renamed and this is the new name: [%s]\n", filename);
                   break;
               default:
                   printf("\nDefault error.\n");
                   break;
            }

           offset += pNotify->NextEntryOffset;

        }while(pNotify->NextEntryOffset); //(offset != 0);
      }

    CloseHandle( DirInfo[0].hDir );

}

标签： c++multithreadingqtwinapi

Answer 1

主线程可以创建OVERLAPPED结构并将其提供给线程使用，而不是相反。但是，无论哪种方式，尝试从主线程取消 I/O 都将是一种竞争条件。由于您的工作线程必须ReadDirectoryChangesEx()在每个目录事件之后进行新的调用，因此它可能在ReadDirectoryChangesEx()主线程希望工作线程终止时的调用之间，因此在CancelIoEx()没有正在进行的 I/O 时调用将是无操作的.

相反，除了要为 I/O 创建的事件对象之外，还要为主线程和工作线程创建另一个事件对象以共享。让工作线程同时等待两个事件WaitForMultipleObjects()，然后主线程可以在它希望工作线程终止时发出共享事件的信号。

WaitForMultipleObjects()将告诉工作线程哪个事件发出信号。CancelIo/Ex()如果共享事件发出信号，工作线程可以在退出之前取消其正在进行的 I/O 。

// shared with both threads...
HANDLE hTermEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);

// in main thread...
HANDLE hWorkerThread = CreateThread(...);
...
SetEvent(hTermEvent);
WaitForSingleObject(hWorkerThread, INFINITE);

// called by worker thread...
void WatchDirectory(LPCWSTR path)
{
   DWORD buf[512];
   DWORD nRet, dwRet;
   char filename[MAX_PATH];
   DirInfo[0].hDir = CreateFile(path, GENERIC_READ | FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY, 
                                 FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
                                 NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
                                 NULL);

   if (DirInfo[0].hDir == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
   {
       return; //cannot open folder
   }

   lstrcpy(DirInfo[0].lpszDirName, path);

   OVERLAPPED PollingOverlap = {};
   PollingOverlap.hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL);
   if (!PollingOverlap.hEvent)
   {
       return; //cannot create I/O event to wait on
   }

   FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION* pNotify;
   int offset;

   do
   {
       if (!ReadDirectoryChangesW(
              DirInfo[0].hDir,// handle to the directory to be watched
              &buf,// pointer to the buffer to receive the read results
              sizeof(buf),// length of lpBuffer
              TRUE,// flag for monitoring directory or directory tree
              FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME |
              FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_DIR_NAME |
              FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SIZE,
              //FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE |
              //FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_ACCESS |
              //FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_CREATION,
              &nRet,// number of bytes returned
              &PollingOverlap,// pointer to structure needed for overlapped I/O
              NULL))
       {
           break; // can't wait for an event
       }

       HANDLE events[] = {hTermEvent, PollingOverlap.hEvent};

       dwRet = WaitForMultipleObjects(2, events, FALSE, INFINITE);
       if (dwRet != (WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1))
       {
           CancelIo(DirInfo[0].hDir);
           GetOverlappedResult(DirInfo[0].hDir, &PollingOverlap, &nRet, TRUE);
           break; // terminate requested, or wait failed
       }

       if (!GetOverlappedResult(DirInfo[0].hDir, &PollingOverlap, &nRet, TRUE))
       {
           break; // read failed
       }

       if (nRet == 0)
       {
           continue; // overflow, current event data discarded
       }

       offset = 0;
       int rename = 0;
       char oldName[MAX_PATH];
       char newName[MAX_PATH];
       do
       {
           pNotify = (FILE_NOTIFY_INFORMATION*) (buf + offset);
           int filenamelen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, pNotify->FileName, pNotify->FileNameLength/2, filename, sizeof(filename), NULL, NULL);
           switch (pNotify->Action)
           {
               case FILE_ACTION_ADDED:
                   printf("\nThe file is added to the directory: [%.*s] \n", filenamelen, filename);
                   break;
               case FILE_ACTION_REMOVED:
                   printf("\nThe file is removed from the directory: [%.*s] \n", filenamelen, filename);
                   break;
               case FILE_ACTION_MODIFIED:
                   printf("\nThe file is modified. This can be a change in the time stamp or attributes: [%.*s]\n", filenamelen, filename);
                   break;
               case FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_OLD_NAME:
                   printf("\nThe file was renamed and this is the old name: [%.*s]\n", filenamelen, filename);
                   break;
               case FILE_ACTION_RENAMED_NEW_NAME:
                   printf("\nThe file was renamed and this is the new name: [%.*s]\n", filenamelen, filename);
                   break;
               default:
                   printf("\nDefault error.\n");
                   break;
           }

           offset += pNotify->NextEntryOffset;
       }
       while (pNotify->NextEntryOffset);
   }
   while (true);

   CloseHandle(PollingOverlap.hEvent);
   CloseHandle(DirInfo[0].hDir);
}