首页 > 解决方案 > 在没有库的python中找到x给定y的函数

问题描述

在此处为我的练习表输入图像描述,我需要编写一个函数,该函数在没有任何库函数的情况下找到函数(称为 Maxwell_Boltzmann)的给定 y 值的 x 值。所以我尝试定义函数(称为 most_probable_speed),它首先找到 Maxwell_Boltzmann 的 y 值的最大值,然后找到达到最大值的 x(在我的代码中定义为 v)。我用for和if循环尝试打印v,但它没有打印出达到最大值的参数v,而是给了我整个向量v。有谁知道我如何打印参数v,达到 y 了吗?

我的代码是:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import scipy
import scipy.constants as cs

v= np.linspace(-100,10000,1000) #this are my x values


#this is my function, which prints y value in fonction of x
def Maxwell_Boltzmann(v, m, T):
      ''' calculate the Maxwell-Boltzmann  distribution
      for the speed of the chemical elements

      3 parameters: -the speed of the particle
              -its masse
              -its temperature'''
      y = np.sqrt(2/np.pi) * (m /( cs.k * T))**(3/2) * v**2 * np.exp(-m*v**2/(2 * cs.k * T)) 
      return y;




# this is the function which is suppose to find the x value given the y value
def most_probable_speed(v,m,T):
       '''determine the most probable speed of a given mass and temperature'''

       x = Maxwell_Boltzmann(v, m, T) #put the y values of Maxwel_B for all x in an array named x
       highest_probability = np.amax(x) #Return the maximum value of y


       # I want to print the value of v for whcih Maxwell_Boltzmann(v, m, T)= highest_probability
       for a in Maxwell_Boltzmann(v, m, T):
           if a == highest_probability:
               print(v)
           else:
               continue

return highest_probability;


m_oxy = 15.99 * cs.u 
most_probable_speed(v, m = m_oxy, T = 273)  

标签: pythonnumpymatplotlibmax

解决方案


由于 y 的每个元素对应于同一索引中的 v 元素(这是您想要的 x 值),您可以使用enumerate给您每个值的索引并打印出相应的x而不是整个向量:

def most_probable_speed(v,m,T):
       '''determine the most probable speed of a given mass and temperature'''

       x = Maxwell_Boltzmann(v, m, T) #put the y values of Maxwel_B for all x in an array named x
       highest_probability = np.amax(x) #Return the maximum value of y


       # I want to print the value of v for whcih Maxwell_Boltzmann(v, m, T)= highest_probability
       for idx, a in enumerate(Maxwell_Boltzmann(v, m, T)):
           if a == highest_probability:
               print(v[idx])
           else:
               continue

但是,您调用 Maxwell_Boltzmann 函数两次。如果您只是想找到对应于最高 y 值的 x,您可以更有效地执行此操作,如下所示:

def most_probable_speed(v,m,T):
       '''determine the most probable speed of a given mass and temperature'''

       x = Maxwell_Boltzmann(v, m, T) #put the y values of Maxwel_B for all x in an array named x
       highest_probability_idx = np.argmax(x) # Return the index of the maximum value of y
       print(v[highest_probability_idx])

在这里,np.argmax返回返回数组中最大值的索引,然后您可以使用它来访问v向量中相应的 x


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