首页 > 解决方案 > 子线程如何向Java中的主线程(方法)发送连续消息?

问题描述

我有一个想要相互交流的人的 HashMap,如下所示:

{zidane=[rooney, rooney, rooney, scholes, rooney], rooney=[scholes, messi, scholes], scholes=[ronaldo], ronaldo=[rooney, messi, scholes], messi=[zidane]}

在这里,密钥中的每个人都有自己的线程,他们将在其中向列表中的每个人发送消息并接收响应。

public class Master {
    public Map callsMap = new HashMap<String, List>();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        Master m = new Master();
        m.readFile();
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(6);
        List<Future<String>> returnFutures = new ArrayList<>();
        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, List>> it = m.callsMap.entrySet().iterator();
        while (it.hasNext()) {
            Map.Entry<String, List> pair = it.next();
            String caller = pair.getKey();
            List receiverList = pair.getValue();
            returnFutures.add(executorService.submit(new SubTasks(caller, receiverList) ));
        }

        while(executorService.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
        for(Future<String> returnFuture: returnFutures){
            System.out.println(returnFuture.get());
        }
        executorService.shutdown();
    }
}

该类Master将为 HashMap 中的每个键迭代地创建一个线程。请注意,该readFile方法只会从文本文件中读取并生成callsMap我上面提到的输入(到变量中)。这对于这种情况并不是特别重要,所以我在这里省略了它。

我有一个SubTasks实现Callable接口并为每次交互创建消息的类。这个类不会创建任何额外的线程,而只是对它收到的调用者和接收者列表进行操作,如下所示:

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

public  class SubTasks implements Callable<String> {
    private String caller;
    private List receiverList;
    private volatile String returnMessage;
    private volatile String callerMessage;
    private volatile String str = "";

    SubTasks(String s, List l){
        caller = s;
        receiverList = l;
    }

    @Override
    public String call (){
        for (int i = 0; i < receiverList.size(); i++) {
            callerMessage = receiverList.get(i)+" received intro message from "+caller +" ["+System.currentTimeMillis()+"]";
            //System.out.println(callerMessage);
            returnMessage = caller+" received reply message from "+receiverList.get(i) +" ["+System.currentTimeMillis()+"]";
            //System.out.println(returnMessage);
            str = str + callerMessage +"\n"+ returnMessage +"\n";
        }
        return null;
    }
}

如果我直接在子线程中打印,我会得到所需的结果,因为消息是以随机顺序打印的:

rooney received intro message from zidane [1592165414388]
ronaldo received intro message from scholes [1592165414388]
scholes received intro message from rooney [1592165414388]
rooney received intro message from ronaldo [1592165414389]
zidane received intro message from messi [1592165414389]
scholes received reply message from ronaldo [1592165414434]
zidane received reply message from rooney [1592165414434]
...
...

但我希望将这些消息打印在主方法而不是子线程中。我尝试通过连接returnMessageand来返回消息,callerMessage但由于我在每个线程的末尾返回,它们似乎是按顺序打印的(每对的调用-回复)如下:

rooney received intro message from zidane [1592165584566]
zidane received reply message from rooney [1592165584614]
rooney received intro message from zidane [1592165584632]
zidane received reply message from rooney [1592165584632]
rooney received intro message from zidane [1592165584632]
zidane received reply message from rooney [1592165584632]
...
...

所以,我的问题是如何在创建后立即在主方法而不是子线程中callerMessage打印它们?returnMessage

标签: javamultithreadingparallel-processingjava-threads

解决方案


它看起来像是生产者-消费者问题的经典示例,您SubTasks是生产者,并且Master是单个消费者。可以使用低级 Java 并发结构以多种不同的方式解决它,但最简单的一种可能是使用某种线程安全的中间队列。您可以先查看使用 Queue 的 Producer/Consumer 线程


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