python - 在python中创建图形后如何更改散点的轴限制
问题描述
我想创建一个 NFL 字段图,然后在其上放置一个散点图。这是我的字段代码(只需复制粘贴所有这些。这不是我的问题所在):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pylab as pl
# Create figure
fig, ax = pl.subplots(figsize=(15,10))
# Set field dimensions
plt.xlim(0, 120) # Field length including endzones
plt.ylim(0, 53.3) # field width
# Set field color green
ax.set_facecolor('#79af75')
ax.set_alpha(0.5)
# Print lines
for i in range(0, 120, 10):
plt.axvline(i, color='white', linewidth=3, alpha=0.4, zorder=1)
if i == 10 or i == 110: # Make endzone lines
plt.axvline(i, color='white', linewidth=5, alpha=0.4, zorder=1)
# Paint numbers
yds_from_sideline = 12
for i in range(10, 50, 10):
plt.text(i+10, 53.3-yds_from_sideline, str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)
plt.text(110-i, 53.3-yds_from_sideline, str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)
plt.text(i+10, yds_from_sideline, str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')
plt.text(110-i, yds_from_sideline, str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')
# Paint 50 yard line numbers
plt.text(60, 53.3-yds_from_sideline, str(50), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)
plt.text(60, yds_from_sideline, str(50), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')
# Print something in the endzones
plt.text(5, 26.5, 'Vikings', color='#4F2683', fontsize=30, verticalalignment='center', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=90)
plt.text(115, 26.5, 'Opponent', color='black', fontsize=30, verticalalignment='center', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=270)
# Fix the aspect ratio (optional)
plt.gca().set_aspect(1)
# Display the figure
plt.show()
如果你运行它,它应该工作得很好!现在,我有了要绘制的数据集。这是它的一个示例:
data
posteam yardline_100 epa
0 MIN 1.0 0.343304
1 MIN 2.0 0.340690
2 MIN 3.0 0.128643
3 MIN 4.0 0.747664
4 MIN 5.0 -0.190321
5 MIN 6.0 0.265953
6 MIN 7.0 -0.362923
7 MIN 8.0 -0.684526
8 MIN 9.0 -0.107560
9 MIN 10.0 0.263269
10 MIN 11.0 -0.042605
11 MIN 12.0 0.126719
12 MIN 13.0 -0.531782
13 MIN 14.0 -0.329170
14 MIN 15.0 0.608268
我尝试将以下代码添加到字段图中,但没有成功。
添加的代码:
plt.title('The gridiron', fontsize=14)
plt.ylabel('EPA', fontsize=12)
plt.xlabel('Yardline', fontsize=12)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(-5, 6,1))
ax.scatter(x='yardline_100',y='epa',data=data)
整个事情和输出:
# Create figure
fig, ax = pl.subplots(figsize=(15,10))
# Set field dimensions
plt.xlim(0, 120) # Field length including endzones
plt.ylim(0, 53.3) # field width
# Set field color green
ax.set_facecolor('#79af75')
ax.set_alpha(0.5)
# Print lines
for i in range(0, 120, 10):
plt.axvline(i, color='white', linewidth=3, alpha=0.4, zorder=1)
if i == 10 or i == 110: # Make endzone lines
plt.axvline(i, color='white', linewidth=5, alpha=0.4, zorder=1)
# Paint numbers
yds_from_sideline = 12
for i in range(10, 50, 10):
plt.text(i+10, 53.3-yds_from_sideline, str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)
plt.text(110-i, 53.3-yds_from_sideline, str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)
plt.text(i+10, yds_from_sideline, str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')
plt.text(110-i, yds_from_sideline, str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')
# Paint 50 yard line numbers
plt.text(60, 53.3-yds_from_sideline, str(50), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)
plt.text(60, yds_from_sideline, str(50), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')
# Print something in the endzones
plt.text(5, 26.5, 'Vikings', color='#4F2683', fontsize=30, verticalalignment='center', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=90)
plt.text(115, 26.5, 'Opponent', color='black', fontsize=30, verticalalignment='center', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=270)
# Just showing how to set titles and labels
plt.title('The gridiron', fontsize=14)
plt.ylabel('EPA', fontsize=12)
plt.xlabel('Yardline', fontsize=12)
plt.title('The gridiron', fontsize=14)
plt.ylabel('EPA', fontsize=12)
plt.xlabel('Yardline', fontsize=12)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(-5, 6,1))
ax.scatter(x='yardline_100',y='epa',data=data)
# Fix the aspect ratio (optional)
plt.gca().set_aspect(1)
# Display the figure
plt.show()
我真正想做的是缩放轴,因此 -5 位于底部,5 位于 y 轴的顶部,而不是将 -5 到 5 范围压缩在底部。此外,我想以相同的方式将 x 轴移动 10 个单位。也就是说,我想从 X=10 而不是 X=0 开始分散。如果您需要进一步澄清,请告诉我。谢谢!
解决方案
不确定这是否是最好的方法,但我首先缩放ylim
到您想要的范围(-5,5),然后将码值plt.text()
从范围(0,53.3)缩放到范围(-5,5) ,相应地调整顶部/底部值plt.text()
(从 53.3 到 5,从 0 到 -5)。最后更改ax.scatter()
为直接引用您的数据列,因此在 x 轴上的偏移量只需添加 10 的值。此外,还删除了set_aspect(1)
.
这样你就不会在开始时创建一个过大的图形,然后你必须努力屈服。
代码(更改 a 前面的注释# CHANGES HERE !!!
:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pylab as pl
import numpy as np
# Create figure
fig, ax = pl.subplots(figsize=(15,10))
# Set field dimensions
plt.xlim(0, 120) # Field length including endzones
# CHANGES HERE !!!
# set ylim respective to your data
plt.ylim(-5, 5) # field width
# Set field color green
ax.set_facecolor('#79af75')
ax.set_alpha(0.5)
# Print lines
for i in range(0, 120, 10):
plt.axvline(i, color='white', linewidth=3, alpha=0.4, zorder=1)
if i == 10 or i == 110: # Make endzone lines
plt.axvline(i, color='white', linewidth=5, alpha=0.4, zorder=1)
# Paint numbers
yds_from_sideline = 12
for i in range(10, 50, 10):
# CHANGES HERE !!!
# change y values because ylim has changed (top-ylim - yds_from_sideline translated to scale of ylim)
plt.text(i+10, 5-10*(yds_from_sideline/53.3), str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)
plt.text(110-i, 5-10*(yds_from_sideline/53.3), str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)
plt.text(i+10, -5 + 10*(yds_from_sideline/53.3), str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')
plt.text(110-i, -5 + 10*(yds_from_sideline/53.3), str(i), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')
# Paint 50 yard line numbers
# CHANGES HERE !!!
# change y values here as well
plt.text(60, 5-10*(yds_from_sideline/53.3), str(50), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=180)
plt.text(60, -5+10*(yds_from_sideline/53.3), str(50), color='white', fontsize=20, verticalalignment='bottom', horizontalalignment='center')
# Print something in the endzones
plt.text(5, 0, 'Vikings', color='#4F2683', fontsize=30, verticalalignment='center', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=90)
plt.text(115, 0, 'Opponent', color='black', fontsize=30, verticalalignment='center', horizontalalignment='center', rotation=270)
# Just showing how to set titles and labels
plt.title('The gridiron', fontsize=14)
plt.ylabel('EPA', fontsize=12)
plt.xlabel('Yardline', fontsize=12)
plt.title('The gridiron', fontsize=14)
plt.ylabel('EPA', fontsize=12)
plt.xlabel('Yardline', fontsize=12)
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(-5, 6,1))
# CHANGES HERE !!!
# increase x by 10 to start at x = 10
ax.scatter(x=data['yardline_100']+10,y=data['epa'])
# # Fix the aspect ratio (optional)
# plt.gca().set_aspect(1)
# Display the figure
plt.show()
输出(使用您的示例数据):
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