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javascript - 对于 JavaScript 游戏，对象不会出现在我的屏幕上

问题描述

我目前正在编写游戏乒乓球的初始步骤。到目前为止，我已经编写了这么多代码（如下），但是当我运行它时，除了画布的白色轮廓边框之外什么都没有出现。我尽我所能但失败了。请帮忙。

    <!DOCTYPE html />
    <html>
    <head>
    < title>Pong</title>
    </head>
    <body style="background-color:black;">
    <center><canvas id="canvas" width="3000" height ="1500" style="border:2px solid #ffffff">
    </canvas></center>
    <script>
    let cvs = document.getElementById('canvas')
    let ctx = cvs.getContext('2d');
    var GameHeight= 1500;
    var GameWidth=3000;
    let lastTime = 0;

    class PaddleA {
      constructor (gameHeight, gameWidth){
      this.height = 365;
      this.width = 30;
      this.position = {x:30, y:(gameHeight/2)-(height/2)};
      this.speed = 0;
      this.maxSpeed = 10;
    }
    moveUp() {
      this.speed = this.maxSpeed;
    }
    moveDown() {
      this.speed = -this.maxSpeed;
    }
    stop () {
      this.speed = 0;
    }
    draw (ctx){
      ctx.fillStyle = '#fff';
      ctx.fillRect(this.position.x, this.position.y, this.width, this.height);
    }
    update (deltaTime) {
      if (!deltaTime) return;
      this.position.y = this.speed;
      //Preventing it to go off screen
      if (this.position.y < 0) this.position.y =0;
      if (this.position.y > gameHeight) this.position.y=0;
    }
  }
  class PaddleB {
    constructor (gameHeight, gameWidth){
      this.height = 365;
      this.width = 30;
      this.position = {x:gameWidth - width - width, y:(gameHeight/2)-(height/2)};
      this.speed = 0;
      this.maxSpeed = 10;
    }
    moveUp() {
      this.speed = this.maxSpeed;
    }
    moveDown() {
      this.speed = -this.maxSpeed;
    }
    stop () {
      this.speed = 0;
    }
    draw (ctx){
      ctx.fillStyle = '#fff';
      ctx.fillRect(this.position.x, this.position.y, this.width, this.height);
    }
    update (deltaTime) {
      if (!deltaTime) return;
      this.position.y = this.speed;
      //Preventing it to go off screen
      if (this.position.y < 0) this.position.y =0;
      if (this.position.y > gameHeight) this.position.y=0;
    }
  }
  //To do later
  class Ball {
    constructor (gameHeight, gameWidth) {
      this.size = 100;
      this.speed = 0;
      this.maxSpeed = 10;
      this.position = {x:gameWidth/2 - (ballSize/2), y:gameHeight/2 - (ballSize/2)};
    }
  
    draw (ctx) {
      ctx.fillStyle = '#fff'
      ctx.fillRect(this.position.x, this.position.y, this.size, this.size)
    }
  }
  class inputHanlder {
    constructor (paddleA) {
      document.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {
        switch (event.keyCode) {
          case 38:
            paddleA.moveUp();
            break
          case 40:
            paddleB.moveDown();
            break
        }
      });
    }
  }
  let paddleA = new PaddleA(GameHeight, GameWidth);
  let paddleB = new PaddleB(GameHeight, GameWidth);
  let ball = new Ball(GameHeight, GameWidth);
  new inputHandler;

  function gameLoop(timestamp) {
    let deltaTime = timestamp - lastTime;
    lastTime = tiemstamp;
   
    ctx.clearRect (0, 0, gameWidth, gameHeight);
  
    paddleA.update(deltaTime);
    paddleA.draw(ctx);
  
    paddleB.update(deltaTime);
    paddleB.draw(ctx);
    ball.update(deltaTime);
    ball.draw(ctx);
  
    requestAnimationFrame(gameLoop);
  }
  </script>

  </body>
  </hmtl>

另请注意，由于我上面提到的原因，此代码不完整。还请给我推荐一个可以学习 JavaScript 游戏开发的好地方

标签： javascripthtmlcanvas

解决方案

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title></title>
  <style>
  html, body {
    height: 100%;
    margin: 0;
  }

  body {
    background: black;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas width="750" height="585" id="game"></canvas>
<script>
const canvas = document.getElementById('game');
const context = canvas.getContext('2d');
const grid = 15;
const paddleHeight = grid * 5; // 80
const maxPaddleY = canvas.height - grid - paddleHeight;

var paddleSpeed = 6;
var ballSpeed = 5;

const leftPaddle = {
  // start in the middle of the game on the left side
  x: grid * 2,
  y: canvas.height / 2 - paddleHeight / 2,
  width: grid,
  height: paddleHeight,

  // paddle velocity
  dy: 0
};
const rightPaddle = {
  // start in the middle of the game on the right side
  x: canvas.width - grid * 3,
  y: canvas.height / 2 - paddleHeight / 2,
  width: grid,
  height: paddleHeight,

  // paddle velocity
  dy: 0
};
const ball = {
  // start in the middle of the game
  x: canvas.width / 2,
  y: canvas.height / 2,
  width: grid,
  height: grid,

  // keep track of when need to reset the ball position
  resetting: false,

  // ball velocity (start going to the top-right corner)
  dx: ballSpeed,
  dy: -ballSpeed
};

// check for collision between two objects using axis-aligned bounding box (AABB)
// @see https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/2D_collision_detection
function collides(obj1, obj2) {
  return obj1.x < obj2.x + obj2.width &&
         obj1.x + obj1.width > obj2.x &&
         obj1.y < obj2.y + obj2.height &&
         obj1.y + obj1.height > obj2.y;
}

// game loop
function loop() {
  requestAnimationFrame(loop);
  context.clearRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);

  // move paddles by their velocity
  leftPaddle.y += leftPaddle.dy;
  rightPaddle.y += rightPaddle.dy;

  // prevent paddles from going through walls
  if (leftPaddle.y < grid) {
    leftPaddle.y = grid;
  }
  else if (leftPaddle.y > maxPaddleY) {
    leftPaddle.y = maxPaddleY;
  }

  if (rightPaddle.y < grid) {
    rightPaddle.y = grid;
  }
  else if (rightPaddle.y > maxPaddleY) {
    rightPaddle.y = maxPaddleY;
  }

  // draw paddles
  context.fillStyle = 'white';
  context.fillRect(leftPaddle.x, leftPaddle.y, leftPaddle.width, leftPaddle.height);
  context.fillRect(rightPaddle.x, rightPaddle.y, rightPaddle.width, rightPaddle.height);

  // move ball by its velocity
  ball.x += ball.dx;
  ball.y += ball.dy;

  // prevent ball from going through walls by changing its velocity
  if (ball.y < grid) {
    ball.y = grid;
    ball.dy *= -1;
  }
  else if (ball.y + grid > canvas.height - grid) {
    ball.y = canvas.height - grid * 2;
    ball.dy *= -1;
  }

  // reset ball if it goes past paddle (but only if we haven't already done so)
  if ( (ball.x < 0 || ball.x > canvas.width) && !ball.resetting) {
    ball.resetting = true;

    // give some time for the player to recover before launching the ball again
    setTimeout(() => {
      ball.resetting = false;
      ball.x = canvas.width / 2;
      ball.y = canvas.height / 2;
    }, 400);
  }

  // check to see if ball collides with paddle. if they do change x velocity
  if (collides(ball, leftPaddle)) {
    ball.dx *= -1;

    // move ball next to the paddle otherwise the collision will happen again
    // in the next frame
    ball.x = leftPaddle.x + leftPaddle.width;
  }
  else if (collides(ball, rightPaddle)) {
    ball.dx *= -1;

    // move ball next to the paddle otherwise the collision will happen again
    // in the next frame
    ball.x = rightPaddle.x - ball.width;
  }

  // draw ball
  context.fillRect(ball.x, ball.y, ball.width, ball.height);

  // draw walls
  context.fillStyle = 'lightgrey';
  context.fillRect(0, 0, canvas.width, grid);
  context.fillRect(0, canvas.height - grid, canvas.width, canvas.height);

  // draw dotted line down the middle
  for (let i = grid; i < canvas.height - grid; i += grid * 2) {
    context.fillRect(canvas.width / 2 - grid / 2, i, grid, grid);
  }
}

// listen to keyboard events to move the paddles
document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e) {

  // up arrow key
  if (e.which === 38) {
    rightPaddle.dy = -paddleSpeed;
  }
  // down arrow key
  else if (e.which === 40) {
    rightPaddle.dy = paddleSpeed;
  }

  // w key
  if (e.which === 87) {
    leftPaddle.dy = -paddleSpeed;
  }
  // a key
  else if (e.which === 83) {
    leftPaddle.dy = paddleSpeed;
  }
});

// listen to keyboard events to stop the paddle if key is released
document.addEventListener('keyup', function(e) {
  if (e.which === 38 || e.which === 40) {
    rightPaddle.dy = 0;
  }

  if (e.which === 83 || e.which === 87) {
    leftPaddle.dy = 0;
  }
});

// start the game
requestAnimationFrame(loop);
</script>
</body>
</html>

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