首页 > 解决方案 > 更改 tkinter 比例小部件的形状

问题描述

我想改变 tkinter 缩放小部件的形状。基本上我想将滑块和槽都更改为不同的形状。有谁知道如何做到这一点?我在网上查了一下,没有找到我的查询的任何结果。作为 tkinter 的新手,请尽量保持简单。我发现了一些关于更改按钮小部件形状的结果(看这里),但这似乎对我没有多大帮助。我希望我的天平看起来像这张图片顶部显示的天平:

所需外观的示例

比例不必与上图中的完全一样。任何关于如何使我的规模看起来更好的建议将不胜感激。

这是我的代码的相关部分:

scale1 = ttk.Scale(root,from_=100,to=0,orient=VERTICAL,variable=s_var1)
scale2 = ttk.Scale(root,from_=100,to=0,orient=VERTICAL,variable=s_var2)
scale3 = ttk.Scale(root,from_=100,to=0,orient=VERTICAL,variable=s_var3)
scale4 = ttk.Scale(root,from_=100,to=0,orient=VERTICAL,variable=s_var4)
scale5 = ttk.Scale(root,from_=100,to=0,orient=VERTICAL,variable=s_var5)
#displaying the scale widgets on the screen
scale1.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=40,pady=10)
scale2.grid(row=0,column=1,padx=40,pady=10)
scale3.grid(row=0,column=2,padx=40,pady=10)
scale4.grid(row=0,column=3,padx=40,pady=10)
scale5.grid(row=0,column=4,padx=40,pady=10)
#disabling the scales
scale1.config(state=DISABLED)
scale2.config(state=DISABLED)
scale3.config(state=DISABLED)
scale4.config(state=DISABLED)
scale5.config(state=DISABLED)

我也使用过 tkinter.ttk 模块,但我也不喜欢它的小部件。

标签: pythonpython-3.xtkinterwidgetscale

解决方案


从图片中,我假设您想显示一些数量,而不是使用比例来选择值。在这种情况下,我宁愿使用 a 而Progressbar不是 a Scale。这将为您提供与图片顶部相似的内容,但具有简单的矩形形状:

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

root = tk.Tk()
style = ttk.Style(root)

# configure Progressbar style to be flat and with the colors from the pictures
style.configure('my.Vertical.TProgressbar', background='#f7f4bf', troughcolor='#8a7852',
                pbarrelief='flat', troughrelief='flat')

pbar1 = ttk.Progressbar(root, maximum=100, value=25, orient='vertical', style='my.Vertical.TProgressbar')
pbar2 = ttk.Progressbar(root, maximum=100, value=74, orient='vertical', style='my.Vertical.TProgressbar')
pbar3 = ttk.Progressbar(root, maximum=100, value=10, orient='vertical', style='my.Vertical.TProgressbar')
pbar4 = ttk.Progressbar(root, maximum=100, value=45, orient='vertical', style='my.Vertical.TProgressbar')
pbar5 = ttk.Progressbar(root, maximum=100, value=50, orient='vertical', style='my.Vertical.TProgressbar')

pbar1.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=40, pady=10)
pbar2.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=40, pady=10)
pbar3.grid(row=0, column=2, padx=40, pady=10)
pbar4.grid(row=0, column=3, padx=40, pady=10)
pbar5.grid(row=0, column=4, padx=40, pady=10)

root.configure(bg="#231303")
root.mainloop()

截屏

您可以使用 更改进度条显示的值pbar1.configure(value=<new_value>)

但是,我不知道如何更改进度条的形状。要获得条的自定义形状,可以从 Canvas 创建自定义条类并使用 PIL 获得透明形状。

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import ttk

from PIL import Image, ImageTk

root = tk.Tk()
style = ttk.Style(root)


class MyBar(tk.Canvas):
    def __init__(self, master, shape, value=0, maximum=100,
                 bg="#231303", trough_color='#8a7852', bar_color='#f7f4bf'):
        # open shape mask with PIL
        im_shape_alpha = Image.open(shape).convert('L')
        # create bar shape image with the choosen backgroound color
        im_shape = Image.new('RGBA', im_shape_alpha.size, bg)
        # apply shape as alpha mask to "cut out" the bar shape
        im_shape.putalpha(im_shape_alpha)
        width, height = im_shape_alpha.size
        # create the canvas
        tk.Canvas.__init__(self, master, bg=trough_color, width=width, height=height, highlightthickness=0)

        self._value = value  # bar value
        self.maximum = maximum  # maximum value

        # bar width and height
        self.height = height
        self.width = width
        
        # create tkinter image for the shape from the PIL Image
        self.img_trough = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im_shape, master=self)
        # create bar to display the value
        self.create_rectangle(0, height, width, height * (1 - value/self.maximum), width=0, fill=bar_color, tags='pbar')
        # display shape on top
        self.create_image(0, 0, anchor='nw', image=self.img_trough)

    @property
    def value(self):
        """Return bar's value'"""
        return self._value

    @value.setter
    def value(self, value):
        """Set bar's value'"""
        self._value = value
        # adjust bar height to value
        self.coords('pbar', 0, self.height, self.width, self.height*(1 - value/self.maximum))

shape = '/path/to/shape/picture'

bar1 = MyBar(root, shape)
bar2 = MyBar(root, shape)
bar3 = MyBar(root, shape)
bar4 = MyBar(root, shape)
bar5 = MyBar(root, shape=shape, value=60, bg='navy', trough_color='sky blue', bar_color='royal blue')

bar1.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=40)
bar2.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=40)
bar3.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=40)
bar4.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=40)
bar5.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=40)

bar2.value = 75
bar3.value = 50
bar4.value = 100
root.mainloop()

结果:屏幕截图形状的酒吧

shape此示例中使用的图像:形状图像

在上面的代码中,shape是一张黑白图片,用作 alpha 蒙版。这个想法是,条形图是在带有背景的 a 上bar_color绘制的矩形。然后在这个栏的顶部我放了一个 color 的图像,除了透明的形状部分已经从背景中剪下来(图片的黑色部分)。Canvastrough_colorbgshape


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