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python - 如何修复“导入 keras 不工作”错误

问题描述

我已经远程使用过 Keras，例如在 Colab 和 AWS 上。今天，我尝试在我的笔记本电脑上使用 pip3 install keras 安装 Keras，消息是计算机上已经安装了 keras（我之前肯定已经安装过）：

WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip.
Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue.
To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly.
Requirement already satisfied: keras in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Keras-2.4.3-py3.7.egg (2.4.3)
Requirement already satisfied: h5py in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/h5py-2.10.0-py3.7-macosx-10.15-x86_64.egg (from keras) (2.10.0)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.9.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from keras) (1.16.4)
Requirement already satisfied: pyyaml in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/PyYAML-5.3.1-py3.7-macosx-10.15-x86_64.egg (from keras) (5.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=0.14 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from keras) (1.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from h5py->keras) (1.12.0)

但是，当我尝试这样做时import keras，我收到了以下消息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py", line 3267, in run_code
    exec(code_obj, self.user_global_ns, self.user_ns)
  File "<ipython-input-21-88d96843a926>", line 1, in <module>
    import keras
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'keras'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/IPython/core/interactiveshell.py", line 2018, in showtraceback
    stb = value._render_traceback_()
AttributeError: 'ModuleNotFoundError' object has no attribute '_render_traceback_'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/IPython/core/ultratb.py", line 1095, in get_records
    return _fixed_getinnerframes(etb, number_of_lines_of_context, tb_offset)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/IPython/core/ultratb.py", line 313, in wrapped
    return f(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/IPython/core/ultratb.py", line 347, in _fixed_getinnerframes
    records = fix_frame_records_filenames(inspect.getinnerframes(etb, context))
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/inspect.py", line 1502, in getinnerframes
    frameinfo = (tb.tb_frame,) + getframeinfo(tb, context)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/inspect.py", line 1460, in getframeinfo
    filename = getsourcefile(frame) or getfile(frame)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/inspect.py", line 696, in getsourcefile
    if getattr(getmodule(object, filename), '__loader__', None) is not None:
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/inspect.py", line 733, in getmodule
    if ismodule(module) and hasattr(module, '__file__'):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/__init__.py", line 50, in __getattr__
    module = self._load()
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/__init__.py", line 44, in _load
    module = _importlib.import_module(self.__name__)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 953, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 983, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 967, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 677, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 728, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow_core/__init__.py", line 32, in <module>
    from tensorflow._api.v1 import app
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow_core/_api/v1/app/__init__.py", line 10, in <module>
    from tensorflow.python.platform.app import run
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow_core/python/platform/app.py", line 23, in <module>
    from absl.app import run as _run
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'absl'

我用谷歌搜索了类似的问题，并找到了一些尝试的建议sudo pip3 install keras。Keras又被下载了。但是，当我输入 时import keras，它仍然产生错误。

另外，我阅读了这个 Stack Overflow 问题：How to fix import keras error with python console，但该解决方案对我不起作用，因为我正在调用一个调用的库import keras，所以我需要该import keras命令才能工作（我无法做到打电话import tensorflow.keras）。

为什么会发生此错误？

注意：我使用的是 Python 3.7.5。我检查了 pip through 的版本pip --version，收到以下消息：

WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip.
Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue.
To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly.
pip 20.0.2 from /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

另外，我正在 Jupyter Notebook 中运行此代码。我检查了 Python 3.7 正在由 Jupyter Notebook 运行。

标签： pythonkeras

解决方案

确保您使用python3. Mac 和其他一些计算机默认安装了 Python 2.7 python，这每天都会让你感到困惑。

如果这不起作用，请设置一个虚拟环境：在 virtualenv 中使用 Python 3

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