python-3.x - Plotly：如何隐藏与气泡重叠的线条？

Question

我一直在更新使用 GUI 操作的程序气泡图（版本 3.1）。它从 xlsx 文件中读取数据并通过四个简单的步骤绘制气泡图。这个最新版本主要是对图表的风格进行了美化和标准化，使其与不同的场景看起来更加和谐。 示例数据（.xlsx）：

             1991  1992  1993  1994  1995  1996  1997  1998  1999  2000
         US    10    14    16    18    20    42    64   100    50    88
      JAPAN   100    30    70    85    30    42    64    98    24    60
         CN    50    22    30    65    70    66    60    45    45    50
      INDIA    90    88    35    50    90    60    40    66    76    70
         UK    40    50    70    50    25    30    22    40    60    55
   MALAYSIA    30    50    44    25    30    15    19    22    50    66

与每个气泡重叠的部分垂直和水平网格线应该是不可见的。我怎样才能做到？

# Bubble Diagram Version3.1

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.filedialog as fd
import plotly as py
import plotly.graph_objs as go
import openpyxl
import pandas as pd
import os


class App(tk.Tk):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.path1 = fd.StringVar()
        self.path2 = fd.StringVar()
        self.name_input = fd.StringVar()
        group_1 = tk.LabelFrame(self, padx=15, pady=10,
                                text="Input and Output Settings")
        group_1.pack(padx=10, pady=5)
        tk.Label(group_1, text='Step1').grid(row=0, column=0)
        tk.Button(group_1, text="Import data from",
                  highlightbackground='green',
                  width=20, command=self.choose_file).grid(row=0, column=1)
        tk.Label(group_1, textvariable=self.path1, width=40, bg='grey', fg='white').grid(row=0, column=2, pady=5)
        tk.Label(group_1, text='Step2').grid(row=1, column=0)
        tk.Button(group_1, text="Set output path", highlightbackground='orange',
                  width=20, command=self.choose_directory).grid(row=1, column=1)
        tk.Label(group_1, textvariable=self.path2, width=40, bg='grey', fg='white').grid(row=1, column=2, pady=5)
        tk.Label(group_1, text='Step3').grid(row=2, column=0)
        tk.Label(group_1, text='Input name WITHOUT suffix', bg='SteelBlue', width=20).grid(row=2, column=1)
        tk.Entry(group_1, textvariable=self.name_input, bg='grey', width=40).grid(row=2, column=2)

        group_2 = tk.LabelFrame(self, padx=15, pady=10, text="Implementation")
        group_2.pack(padx=10, pady=5)
        tk.Label(group_2, text='Step4').grid(row=0, column=0)
        tk.Button(group_2, text="Start to plot", highlightbackground='red',
                  width=10, command=self.start).grid(row=0, column=1)

    def choose_file(self):
        filetypes = (("Excel files", "*.xlsx"),
                     )
        self.filename = fd.askopenfilename(title="Open file",
                                           initialdir="/", filetypes=filetypes)
        self.path1.set(self.filename)

    def choose_directory(self):
        self.directory = fd.askdirectory(title="Open directory",
                                         initialdir="/")
        self.path2.set(self.directory)

    def start(self):
        self.draw(self.filename, self.directory)

    def draw(self, input_file, output_dir):
        self.input_file = input_file
        self.output_dir = output_dir
        wb = openpyxl.load_workbook(self.input_file)
        sheet = wb['Sheet1']
        row_max = sheet.max_row
        col_max = sheet.max_column
        first_row_list = []
        first_col_list = []
        for col_n in range(2, col_max + 1):
            first_row_list.append(sheet.cell(row=1, column=col_n).value)
        for row_n in range(2, row_max + 1):
            first_col_list.append(sheet.cell(row=row_n, column=1).value)

        data_all = pd.read_excel(self.input_file)
        data_selected = data_all.loc[:, first_row_list]

        df = pd.DataFrame(data_selected)
        df.index = first_col_list
        colors = ['rgb(150,204,90)', 'rgb(255, 130, 71)', 'rgb(255, 193, 37)', 'rgb(180,240,190)', 'rgb(255, 10, 1)',
                  'rgb(25, 190, 30)', 'rgb(100, 100, 100)', 'rgb(45,24,200)', 'rgb(33, 58, 108)', 'rgb(35, 208, 232)']

        data = [go.Scatter(
            x=df.columns,
            y=[country] * len(df.columns),
            mode='markers+text',
            marker=dict(
                color=colors[num],
                size=df.loc[country],
                showscale=False,
            ),
            text=list(map(str, df.loc[country])),
            textposition='middle center',
        )
            for num, country in enumerate(reversed(df.index))
        ]

        layout = go.Layout(plot_bgcolor='white',
                           paper_bgcolor='white',
                           font={
                               'size': 15,
                               'family': 'sans-serif',
                               'color': 'black'
                           },
                           width=1000,
                           height=800,
                           xaxis=dict(
                               nticks=col_max + 1,
                               type='category',
                               showline=True,
                               linecolor='black',
                               mirror=True,
                               showgrid=True,
                               gridcolor='black',
                           ),
                           yaxis=dict(
                               showline=True,
                               linecolor='black',
                               mirror=True,
                               showgrid=True,
                               gridcolor='black',
                           ),
                           showlegend=False,
                           margin=dict(l=100, r=100, t=100, b=100),
                           hovermode=False,
                           )

        fig = go.Figure(data=data, layout=layout)
        self.name = self.name_input.get() + '.html'
        py.offline.plot(fig, filename=os.path.join(self.output_dir, self.name))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = App()
    app.title("Bubble Diagram")
    app.mainloop()

标签： python-3.xplotly

Answer 1

我相信这是一个不透明的问题。您正在绘制的标记是部分透明的，这意味着它们允许显示它们后面的网格线。我认为解决此问题的一种方法是通过 使标记不透明，go.Scatter()如下所示：

data = [go.Scatter(
        x=df.columns,
        y=[country] * len(df.columns),
        mode='markers+text',
        marker=dict(
            color=colors[num],
            size=df.loc[country],
            showscale=False,
            opacity=1,
        ),
        text=list(map(str, df.loc[country])),
        textposition='middle center',
    )
        for num, country in enumerate(reversed(df.index))
    ]

以最大限度地提高密度的可见性。

Plotly 文档有一篇很好的文章，介绍了在哪里可以指定不透明度的不同选项，您还可以在示例中看到它的样子。