首页 > 解决方案 > 为什么这个解决方案在给定的测试用例上提供 TLE?

问题描述

问题链接:https ://leetcode.com/problems/word-search/

给定一个 2D 棋盘和一个单词,找出该单词是否存在于网格中。

单词可以由顺序相邻单元格的字母构成,其中“相邻”单元格是水平或垂直相邻的单元格。同一个字母单元格不能多次使用。

我们不应该使用一个字符两次。

例子 :

board =
[
  ['A','B','C','E'],
  ['S','F','C','S'],
  ['A','D','E','E']
]

Given word = "ABCCED", return true.
Given word = "SEE", return true.
Given word = "ABCB", return false.

约束:

board and word consists only of lowercase and uppercase English letters.
1 <= board.length <= 200
1 <= board[i].length <= 200
1 <= word.length <= 10^3

我的逻辑:在函数存在时,每当我在二维数组中找到给定字符串(字符串 s)的第一个字符时,我都会在其位置调用 DFS,以检查是否可以形成字符串。

我在提到的测试用例上得到了 TLE

测试用例 :

[["a","a","a","a"],["a","a","a","a"],["a","a","a","a"],["a","a","a","a"],["a","a","a","b"]]
"aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"

预期输出:

true

代码 :

class Solution {
public:
    
    bool dfs( vector<vector<char>> board , string s, int p ,int i , int j ){

        if( p == s.length() ){
            return true;
        }
        
        if( i < 0 || i >= board.size() || j < 0 || j >= board[i].size() || board[i][j] != s.at(p) ){
            return false;
        }
        
        char t = board[i][j];
        board[i][j] = ' ';
        
        bool res = dfs( board, s, p + 1 , i + 1, j ) | dfs( board, s, p + 1 , i - 1, j ) |
            dfs( board, s, p + 1 , i , j + 1 ) | dfs( board, s, p + 1 , i, j - 1 );
        
        board[i][j] = t;
        
        return res;
        
    }
    
    bool exist(vector<vector<char>>& board, string s) {
        
        for( int i = 0; i < board.size(); i++ ){
            for( int j = 0; j < board[0].size(); j++ ){
                if( board[i][j] == s.at(0) && dfs( board , s , 0, i , j ) ){
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
};

提交详情:https ://leetcode.com/submissions/detail/398643848/

标签: c++depth-first-search

解决方案


递归函数dfs按值接收板,即它不能在明显尝试时更改它。由于大量副本和无限递归而导致超时。看起来像虫子。


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