python - Django(容器化)无法连接到本地机器上的 MySQL(容器化)
问题描述
我在 CentOS 7.6 的虚拟机上通过命令使用来自 DockerHub 的官方镜像设置了一个 MySQL 数据库
docker run -d -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -v /opt/mysql/mysql-data/:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_DATABASE=myblog -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:5.7
myblog
然后我在另一个以设置命名的容器中构建并启动了一个 Django 项目
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'myblog',
'USER': os.environ.get("MYSQL_USER", 'root'),
'PASSWORD': os.environ.get("MYSQL_PASSWD", '123456'),
'HOST': os.environ.get("MYSQL_HOST", '127.0.0.1'),
'PORT': os.environ.get("MYSQL_PORT", '3306')
}
}
但是,当我打开 Django 项目的交互式 bash shell 并尝试使用命令进行迁移时python3 manage.py makemigrations
,Django 抱怨连接并出现以下异常:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pymysql/connections.py", line 583, in connect
**kwargs)
File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/socket.py", line 724, in create_connection
raise err
File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/socket.py", line 713, in create_connection
sock.connect(sa)
ConnectionRefusedError: [Errno 111] Connection refused
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 216, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 194, in connect
self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 227, in get_new_connection
return Database.connect(**conn_params)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pymysql/__init__.py", line 94, in Connect
return Connection(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pymysql/connections.py", line 325, in __init__
self.connect()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pymysql/connections.py", line 630, in connect
raise exc
pymysql.err.OperationalError: (2003, "Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' ([Errno 111] Connection refused)")
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 375, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 316, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 353, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 83, in wrapped
res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/makemigrations.py", line 103, in handle
loader.check_consistent_history(connection)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/loader.py", line 281, in check_consistent_history
applied = recorder.applied_migrations()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 61, in applied_migrations
if self.has_table():
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/migrations/recorder.py", line 44, in has_table
return self.Migration._meta.db_table in self.connection.introspection.table_names(self.connection.cursor())
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 255, in cursor
return self._cursor()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 232, in _cursor
self.ensure_connection()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 216, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 89, in __exit__
raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 216, in ensure_connection
self.connect()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/base/base.py", line 194, in connect
self.connection = self.get_new_connection(conn_params)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/mysql/base.py", line 227, in get_new_connection
return Database.connect(**conn_params)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pymysql/__init__.py", line 94, in Connect
return Connection(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pymysql/connections.py", line 325, in __init__
self.connect()
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pymysql/connections.py", line 630, in connect
raise exc
django.db.utils.OperationalError: (2003, "Can't connect to MySQL server on '127.0.0.1' ([Errno 111] Connection refused)")
我尝试更改MYSQL_HOST
为localhost
或127.0.0.1
(默认情况下)或分配给虚拟机的 WAN ip 地址,但都不起作用。
解决方案
在运行 myblog 容器时设置MYSQL_HOST
环境变量mysql
例如: docker run -d -e MYSQL_HOST=mysql
--name myblog myblog
如果您使用的是默认网络,则必须使用 --link 选项或为其创建另一个网络:
例如:
docker network create mynetwork
docker connect mynetwork myblog
docker connect mynetwork mysql
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