python - GraphQL 查询 Post with Python Request
问题描述
我一直在尝试使用 Python 发布请求以从网站上抓取一些 json 数据。我没有使用 GraphQL 的经验,但我认为这个网站是用它构建的。所以无论如何,问题是即使我使用 POST 方法请求它,它也会不断返回“GRAPHQL_PARSE_FAILED”(我将在下面发布结果)。我猜这是因为我的查询中包含一个“向左拐角的向下箭头”。由于消息说它无法解析'\u21B5'。
这是代码。
self.API_URL = 'https://pcmap-api.place.naver.com/graphql'
def get_location_info(self, query, start):
header = {
'authority': 'pcmap-api.place.naver.com',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.121 Safari/537.36'
}
query = """
{
"query getRestaurants($input: RestaurantsInput, $isNmap: Boolean!, $isBounds: Boolean!) {↵ restaurants(input: $input) {↵ total↵ items {↵ ...RestaurantItemFields↵ easyOrder {↵ easyOrderId↵ easyOrderCid↵ businessHours {↵ weekday {↵ start↵ end↵ __typename↵ }↵ weekend {↵ start↵ end↵ __typename↵ }↵ __typename↵ }↵ __typename↵ }↵ baemin {↵ businessHours {↵ deliveryTime {↵ start↵ end↵ __typename↵ }↵ closeDate {↵ start↵ end↵ __typename↵ }↵ temporaryCloseDate {↵ start↵ end↵ __typename↵ }↵ __typename↵ }↵ __typename↵ }↵ yogiyo {↵ businessHours {↵ actualDeliveryTime {↵ start↵ end↵ __typename↵ }↵ bizHours {↵ start↵ end↵ __typename↵ }↵ __typename↵ }↵ __typename↵ }↵ __typename↵ }↵ nlu {↵ ...NluFields↵ __typename↵ }↵ brand {↵ name↵ isBrand↵ type↵ menus {↵ order↵ id↵ images {↵ url↵ desc↵ __typename↵ }↵ name↵ desc↵ price↵ isRepresentative↵ detailUrl↵ orderType↵ catalogId↵ source↵ menuId↵ nutrients↵ allergies↵ __typename↵ }↵ __typename↵ }↵ optionsForMap @include(if: $isBounds) {↵ maxZoom↵ minZoom↵ includeMyLocation↵ maxIncludePoiCount↵ center↵ spotId↵ __typename↵ }↵ __typename↵ }↵}↵↵fragment RestaurantItemFields on RestaurantSummary {↵ id↵ dbType↵ name↵ businessCategory↵ category↵ description↵ hasBooking↵ hasNPay↵ x↵ y↵ distance↵ imageUrl↵ imageUrls↵ imageCount↵ phone↵ virtualPhone↵ routeUrl↵ streetPanorama {↵ id↵ pan↵ tilt↵ lat↵ lon↵ __typename↵ }↵ roadAddress↵ address↵ commonAddress↵ blogCafeReviewCount↵ bookingReviewCount↵ totalReviewCount↵ bookingReviewScore↵ bookingUrl↵ bookingBusinessId↵ talktalkUrl↵ options↵ promotionTitle↵ agencyId↵ businessHours↵ microReview↵ tags↵ priceCategory↵ broadcastInfo {↵ program↵ date↵ menu↵ __typename↵ }↵ michelinGuide {↵ year↵ star↵ comment↵ url↵ hasGrade↵ isBib↵ alternateText↵ __typename↵ }↵ broadcasts {↵ program↵ menu↵ episode↵ broadcast_date↵ __typename↵ }↵ tvcastId↵ naverBookingCategory↵ saveCount↵ uniqueBroadcasts↵ isDelivery↵ markerLabel @include(if: $isNmap) {↵ text↵ style↵ __typename↵ }↵ imageMarker @include(if: $isNmap) {↵ marker↵ markerSelected↵ __typename↵ }↵ isTableOrder↵ isPreOrder↵ isTakeOut↵ bookingDisplayName↵ bookingVisitId↵ bookingPickupId↵ popularMenuImages {↵ name↵ price↵ bookingCount↵ menuUrl↵ menuListUrl↵ imageUrl↵ isPopular↵ usePanoramaImage↵ __typename↵ }↵ visitorReviewCount↵ visitorReviewScore↵ detailCid {↵ c0↵ c1↵ c2↵ c3↵ __typename↵ }↵ streetPanorama {↵ id↵ pan↵ tilt↵ lat↵ lon↵ __typename↵ }↵ __typename↵}↵↵fragment NluFields on Nlu {↵ queryType↵ user {↵ gender↵ __typename↵ }↵ queryResult {↵ ptn0↵ ptn1↵ region↵ spot↵ tradeName↵ service↵ selectedRegion {↵ name↵ index↵ x↵ y↵ __typename↵ }↵ selectedRegionIndex↵ otherRegions {↵ name↵ index↵ __typename↵ }↵ property↵ keyword↵ queryType↵ nluQuery↵ businessType↵ cid↵ branch↵ franchise↵ titleKeyword↵ location {↵ x↵ y↵ default↵ longitude↵ latitude↵ dong↵ si↵ __typename↵ }↵ noRegionQuery↵ priority↵ showLocationBarFlag↵ themeId↵ filterBooking↵ repRegion↵ repSpot↵ dbQuery {↵ isDefault↵ name↵ type↵ getType↵ useFilter↵ hasComponents↵ __typename↵ }↵ type↵ category↵ __typename↵ }↵ __typename↵}↵"
}
"""
data = {
'operationName': "getRestaurants",
'query': query,
'variables': {'input': {
'deviceType': "pcmap",
'display': "50",
'isNmap': "false",
'query': query,
'start': start
},
'isBound': 'true',
'isNmap': 'false'
}
}
r = requests.post(self.API_URL, headers=header, json=data).json()
正如您在查询中看到的那样,它具有 GraphQL 无法解析的箭头。我猜我必须将“查询”转换为 GraphQL 可以理解的某种形式。但这有点令人沮丧,因为我刚刚复制并粘贴了 Request Payload 刚刚显示的内容。我将查询放在数据参数之外,因为它看起来太乱了。
这是结果。
{
"errors": [
{
"extensions": {
"code": "GRAPHQL_PARSE_FAILED"
},
"locations": [
{
"column": 89,
"line": 1
}
],
"message": "Syntax Error: Cannot parse the unexpected character \"\\u21B5\".",
"status": 500
}
]
}
我真的很感激你能想办法解决这个问题。谢谢!
解决方案
你的query
变量应该没有大括号,你应该用'\n'替换所有的'↵'符号:
query = "query getRestaurants($input: RestaurantsInput, $isNmap: Boolean!, $isBounds: Boolean!) {\n restaurants(input: $input) {\n total\n items {\n ...RestaurantItemFields\n easyOrder {\n easyOrderId\n easyOrderCid\n businessHours {\n weekday {\n start\n end\n __typename\n }\n weekend {\n start\n end\n __typename\n }\n __typename\n }\n __typename\n }\n baemin {\n businessHours {\n deliveryTime {\n start\n end\n __typename\n }\n closeDate {\n start\n end\n __typename\n }\n temporaryCloseDate {\n start\n end\n __typename\n }\n __typename\n }\n __typename\n }\n yogiyo {\n businessHours {\n actualDeliveryTime {\n start\n end\n __typename\n }\n bizHours {\n start\n end\n __typename\n }\n __typename\n }\n __typename\n }\n __typename\n }\n nlu {\n ...NluFields\n __typename\n }\n brand {\n name\n isBrand\n type\n menus {\n order\n id\n images {\n url\n desc\n __typename\n }\n name\n desc\n price\n isRepresentative\n detailUrl\n orderType\n catalogId\n source\n menuId\n nutrients\n allergies\n __typename\n }\n __typename\n }\n optionsForMap @include(if: $isBounds) {\n maxZoom\n minZoom\n includeMyLocation\n maxIncludePoiCount\n center\n spotId\n __typename\n }\n __typename\n }\n}\n\nfragment RestaurantItemFields on RestaurantSummary {\n id\n dbType\n name\n businessCategory\n category\n description\n hasBooking\n hasNPay\n x\n y\n distance\n imageUrl\n imageUrls\n imageCount\n phone\n virtualPhone\n routeUrl\n streetPanorama {\n id\n pan\n tilt\n lat\n lon\n __typename\n }\n roadAddress\n address\n commonAddress\n blogCafeReviewCount\n bookingReviewCount\n totalReviewCount\n bookingReviewScore\n bookingUrl\n bookingBusinessId\n talktalkUrl\n options\n promotionTitle\n agencyId\n businessHours\n microReview\n tags\n priceCategory\n broadcastInfo {\n program\n date\n menu\n __typename\n }\n michelinGuide {\n year\n star\n comment\n url\n hasGrade\n isBib\n alternateText\n __typename\n }\n broadcasts {\n program\n menu\n episode\n broadcast_date\n __typename\n }\n tvcastId\n naverBookingCategory\n saveCount\n uniqueBroadcasts\n isDelivery\n markerLabel @include(if: $isNmap) {\n text\n style\n __typename\n }\n imageMarker @include(if: $isNmap) {\n marker\n markerSelected\n __typename\n }\n isTableOrder\n isPreOrder\n isTakeOut\n bookingDisplayName\n bookingVisitId\n bookingPickupId\n popularMenuImages {\n name\n price\n bookingCount\n menuUrl\n menuListUrl\n imageUrl\n isPopular\n usePanoramaImage\n __typename\n }\n visitorReviewCount\n visitorReviewScore\n detailCid {\n c0\n c1\n c2\n c3\n __typename\n }\n streetPanorama {\n id\n pan\n tilt\n lat\n lon\n __typename\n }\n __typename\n}\n\nfragment NluFields on Nlu {\n queryType\n user {\n gender\n __typename\n }\n queryResult {\n ptn0\n ptn1\n region\n spot\n tradeName\n service\n selectedRegion {\n name\n index\n x\n y\n __typename\n }\n selectedRegionIndex\n otherRegions {\n name\n index\n __typename\n }\n property\n keyword\n queryType\n nluQuery\n businessType\n cid\n branch\n franchise\n titleKeyword\n location {\n x\n y\n default\n longitude\n latitude\n dong\n si\n __typename\n }\n noRegionQuery\n priority\n showLocationBarFlag\n themeId\n filterBooking\n repRegion\n repSpot\n dbQuery {\n isDefault\n name\n type\n getType\n useFilter\n hasComponents\n __typename\n }\n type\n category\n __typename\n }\n __typename\n}\n"
此外,您的布尔值实际上是字符串,您需要像这样定义它们:
'variables': {
'input': {
...
'isNmap': False,
...
},
'isBound': True,
'isNmap': False
}
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