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python - Scrapy：无法理解有关 robots.txt 的日志

问题描述

我的问题是，如果这个日志意味着网站不能被抓取？我将用户代理更改为看起来像浏览器，但没有帮助。另外，我省略了“start_requests”中的“s”，但这也没有帮助。即使我在 seetings.py 中更改了“ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False”，但也没有帮助。

这是我得到的日志：

2020-11-17 18:06:41 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2020-11-17 18:06:41 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2020-11-17 18:06:42 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2020-11-17 18:06:42 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: None)
2020-11-17 18:06:43 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301)
2020-11-17 18:06:43 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts-books/id1482> (referer: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301)
2020-11-18 17:29:49 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2020-11-18 17:29:49 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 1342,
 'downloader/request_count': 4,
 'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 4,
 'downloader/response_bytes': 67297,
 'downloader/response_count': 4,
 'downloader/response_status_count/200': 4,
 'finish_reason': 'finished',
 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2020, 11, 18, 13, 59, 49, 133234),
 'httpcache/hit': 4,
 'log_count/DEBUG': 5,
 'log_count/INFO': 9,
 'request_depth_max': 2,
 'response_received_count': 4,
 'robotstxt/request_count': 1,
 'robotstxt/response_count': 1,
 'robotstxt/response_status_count/200': 1,
 'scheduler/dequeued': 3,
 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 3,
 'scheduler/enqueued': 3,
 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 3,
 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2020, 11, 18, 13, 59, 48, 758371)}
2020-11-18 17:29:49 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)

这是我的蜘蛛的一部分：

import scrapy


class ApplePodcastSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'apple_podcast'
    allowed_domains = ['podcasts.apple.com']

    def start_requests(self):
            yield scrapy.Request(url='https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301',
                callback= self.parse_categories, dont_filter=True)


    def parse_categories(self, response):
            categories=response.xpath("//ul[@class='list column first']")
            for category in categories:
                category_name=category.xpath(".//li/a/text()").get()
                category_link=category.xpath(".//li/a/@href").get()
                yield response.follow(url=category_link, callback=self.parse_sub_categories, meta={'category_name': category_name}, dont_filter=True)

    def parse_sub_categories(self, response):
            category_name=response.request.meta['category_name']
            sub_categories=response.xpath("//ul[@class='list column first']/li")
            for sub_category in sub_categories:
                sub_category_name=sub_category.xpath(".//ul[@class='list top-level-subgenres']/li/a/text()").get()
                sub_category_link=sub_category.xpath(".//ul[@class='list top-level-subgenres']/li/a/@href").get()
                if sub_category_link is None:
                    pass
                else:
                    yield response.follow(url=sub_category_link, callback=self.parse_alphabet, meta={'category_name': category_name,'sub_category_name': sub_category_name}, dont_filter=True)
                

    def parse_alphabet(self,response):
            category_name=response.request.meta['category_name']
            sub_category_name=response.request.meta['sub_category_name']
            alphabets=response.xpath("//div[@class='content']/div[@class='padder']/div[@class='selectedgenre']")
            for alphabet in alphabets:
                alphabet_link=alphabet.xpath(".//ul[@class='list alpha']/li/a[@class='selected']/@href").get()
                yield response.follow(url=alphabet_link, callback=self.parse_podcasts_link, meta={'category_name': category_name, 'sub_category_name': sub_category_name}, dont_filter=True)
     

    def parse_podcasts_link(self, response):
            category_name=response.request.meta['category_name']
            sub_category_name=response.request.meta['sub_category_name']
            podcasts=response.xpath("//div[@class='grid3-column']")
            for podcast in podcasts:
                podcast_name=podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='column first']/ul/li/a/text()").get()
                podcast_link=podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='column first']/ul/li/a/@href").get()
            
            for podcast in podcasts:
                podcast_name=podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='column']/ul/li/a/text()").get()
                podcast_link=podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='column']/ul/li/a/@href").get()
            
            for podcast in podcasts:
                podcast_name=podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='column last']/ul/li/a/text()").get()
                podcast_link=podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='column last']/ul/li/a/@href").get()
                yield response.follow(url=podcast_link, callback=self.parse_podcasts, meta={'category_name':category_name,'sub_category_name':sub_category_name,'podcast_name':podcast_name}, dont_filter=True)    


    def parse_podcasts(self, response):
            category_name = response.request.meta['category_name']
            sub_category_name = response.request.meta['sub_category_name']
            podcast_name = response.request.meta['podcast_name']
            podcasts = response.xpath("//div[@class='ember-view l-content-width section section--hero product-hero']/section[@class='ember-view']/div[@class='l-row']")
            for podcast in podcasts:
                rate = podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='l-column small-12 medium-7 large-8 small-valign-top']/div[@class='l-row']/div[@class='l-column small-7 medium-12 small-valign-top']/header[@class='product-header product-header--padded-start podcast-header']/ul[@class='product-header__list podcast-header__list']/li[2]//ul[@class='inline-list inline-list--mobile-compact']/li[@class='inline-list__item']/figure/figcaption/text()[1]").get()
                rating_number = podcast.xpath(".//div[@class='l-column small-12 medium-7 large-8 small-valign-top']/div[@class='l-row']/div[@class='l-column small-7 medium-12 small-valign-top']/header[@class='product-header product-header--padded-start podcast-header']/ul[@class='product-header__list podcast-header__list']/li[2]//ul[@class='inline-list inline-list--mobile-compact']/li[@class='inline-list__item']/figure/figcaption/text()[3]").get()
               

                yield{
                    'category_name':category_name,
                    'sub_category_name':sub_category_name,
                    'podcast_name':podcast_name,
                    'rate':rate,
                    'rating_number':rating_number
                }
            next_page=response.xpath("//div[@class='content']/div[@class='padder']/div[@class='selectedgenre']/ul[@class='list paginate']/li/a[@class='selected']/@href").get()
            if next_page:
                yield scrapy.Request(url=next_page, callback=self.parse_podcasts, dont_filter=True)

谁能帮助我了解问题所在以及如何解决？

谢谢！！！

---编辑1---

更改“allowed_domains”部分后得到的日志：

2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.extensions.httpcache] DEBUG: Using filesystem cache storage in C:\Users\shima\projects\apple_podcasts\.scrapy\httpcache
2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/robots.txt> (referer: None) ['cached']
2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: None) ['cached']
2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301) ['cached']
2020-11-18 13:49:18 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts-books/id1482> (referer: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301) ['cached']

---编辑2---

删除“try and except”语句后得到的日志：

2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.extensions.httpcache] DEBUG: Using filesystem cache storage in C:\Users\shima\projects\apple_podcasts\.scrapy\httpcache
2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/robots.txt> (referer: None) ['cached']
2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: None) ['cached']
2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301) ['cached']
2020-11-18 13:53:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts-books/id1482> (referer: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301) ['cached']

标签： pythonweb-scrapingscrapy

解决方案

您的执行日志没有任何问题。

2020-11-17 18:06:42 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET https://podcasts.apple.com/us/genre/podcasts-arts/id1301> (referer: None)

这些是调试消息，它告诉您您的蜘蛛抓取了提到的 URL。如果你不想看到它，你可以LOG_LEVEL='INFO'在你的settings.py.

另外，您没有定义任何要抓取的项目，只是定义了要抓取的页面，因此蜘蛛将遍历页面并最终关闭。

编辑：

我没有检查你的整个代码，但我确实执行了一次并注意到了一些问题。

此选择器将返回空：

 alphabets=response.xpath("//div[@class='content']/div[@class='padder']/div[@class='selectedgenre']")

您使用@class而不是@id两者'content'和'selectedgenre'。XPath 应该是：

//div[@id='content']/div[@class='padder']/div[@id='selectedgenre']

请注意，这将只返回一个选择器，因此您不应该对其进行迭代。您可能想要遍历链接。

这也将返回空：

alphabet_link=alphabet.xpath(".//ul[@class='list alpha']/li/a[@class='selected']/@href").get()

由于您正在使用的 XPath 中没有a类'selected'（默认情况下）元素。

我想会有更多损坏的 XPath，因此您应该检查选择器以确保您的 XPath 是正确的并且它们返回您期望的内容。没有与robots.txtbtw 相关的问题。

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