python - Python:如何使用类向字典添加信息,然后打印添加的字典条目的键和值
问题描述
我正在处理以下任务,并且不熟悉使用类来创建/存储对象:
员工管理系统:本练习假设您已经为编程练习 4 创建了 Employee 类。创建一个将 Employee 对象存储在字典中的程序。使用员工 ID 号作为密钥。程序应该提供一个菜单,让用户执行以下操作:在字典中查找员工,向字典中添加新员工,更改字典中现有员工的姓名、部门和职位,删除员工字典,退出程序。当程序结束时,它应该腌制字典并将其保存到文件中。每次程序启动时,它都应该尝试从文件中加载腌制字典。如果文件不存在,则程序应以空字典开始。
一切都很顺利,直到我运行程序并且在使用员工查找功能时无法正确打印信息。运行代码时:
if ID in dictionary.keys():
print(ID, ': ', dictionary[ID])
输出是:
1 : <Employee.Employee object at 0x03520340>
我附上了添加员工时正在运行的程序的图像,然后尝试查找它。我认为我最初在 add 函数中保存数据的方式可能存在问题,或者在查找函数中访问数据时存在问题。是否有其他方法可以打印指定 ID 的字典内容?我是否首先不正确地存储了对象属性?
作为参考,这是我的其余代码:
Employee.py(雇员类在它自己的文件中):
class Employee:
# Initialize Employee object
def __init__(self, ID, name, department, job):
self.__name = name
self.__ID = ID
self.__department = department
self.__job = job
# Set each object
def set_name(self, name):
self.__name = name
def set_ID(self, ID):
self.__ID = ID
def set_dept(self, department):
self.__department = department
def set_job(self, job):
self.__job = job
# Get each object
def get_name(self):
return self.name
def get_ID(self):
return self.__ID
def get_department(self):
return self.__department
def get_job(self):
return self.__job
def print(self):
print("Name: " + self.__name + \
", ID Number: " + self.__ID + \
", Department: " + self.__department + \
", Job Title: " + self.__job)
员工管理系统.py:
# Import necessary libraries
import pickle
import Employee
# STEP 1 = DEFINE FUNCTIONS FOR EACH CHOICE
# Lookup an employee
def lookup(dictionary):
# Look up the ID number if it is in the dictionary
ID = int(input('Enter the employee ID number: '))
if ID in dictionary.keys():
print(ID, ': ', dictionary[ID])
print(dictionary.get(ID))
else:
print("That ID number was not found.")
# Offer the user the menu of choices again from main()
proceed = True
return proceed
# Add an employee
def add(dictionary):
# Add a new employee
ID = int(input('Enter the employee ID number: '))
name = input('Enter the name of the employee: ')
dept = input('Enter the employee department: ')
job = input('Enter the employee job title: ')
entry = Employee.Employee(ID, name, dept, job)
dictionary[ID] = entry
print('Employee added succesfully')
# Offer the user the menu of choices again from main()
proceed = True
return proceed
# Change an employee
def change(dictionary):
# If user-entered ID is in dictionary, allow them to change the info
ID = input('Enter the employee ID you would like to change: ')
if ID in dictionary.keys():
name = input('Enter new employee name: ')
newId = input('Enter new employee ID: ')
dept = input('Enter new employee department: ')
job = input('Enter new employee job title: ')
entry = Employee.Employee(newID, name, dept, job)
dictionary[ID] = entry
print('Employee changed successfully.')
else:
print('That employee ID was not found.')
# Offer the user the menu of choices again from main()
proceed = True
return proceed
# Delete an employee
def delete(dictionary):
# If user-entered ID is in dictionary, delete the entry
ID = input('Enter the employee ID you would like to remove: ')
if ID in dictionary.keys():
del dictionary[ID]
print('Employee removed successfully')
else:
print('That employe ID was not found.')
# Offer the user the menu of choices again from main()
proceed = True
return proceed
# Save the dictionary and quit the program
def save_quit(dictionary):
# Pickle the dictionary and save to a file
output_file = open('employee_data.dat','wb')
pickle.dump(dictionary,output_file)
output_file.close
# End the while loop in main() so program quits
proceed = False
return proceed
# STEP 2 - Main Function
def main():
# Try to open the existing dictionary file
try:
input_file = open('employee_data.dat','rb')
employee_dictionary = pickle.load(input_file)
input_file.close()
# If no such file exists, create a new dictionary
except:
employee_dictionary = {}
# While loop to continue until user chooses to quit
proceed = True
while proceed:
# Display user's option menu and ask for a choice
print('\n Employee Management System\n')
print('\t1. Lookup an employee')
print('\t2. Add a new employee')
print('\t3. Change an existing employee')
print('\t4. Delete an existing employee')
print('\t5. Save and Quit\n')
option_choice = int(input('Enter an option to continue: '))
# Map each choice to the functions below using a dictionary
options = {1:lookup, 2:add, 3:change, 4:delete, 5:save_quit,}
proceed = options[option_choice](employee_dictionary)
# STEP 3 - CALL MAIN
# Call the main function
main()
解决方案
def lookup(dictionary):
# Look up the ID number if it is in the dictionary
ID = int(input('Enter the employee ID number: '))
if ID in dictionary.keys():
x=dictionary.get(ID)
x.print()
else:
print("That ID number was not found.")
# Offer the user the menu of choices again from main()
proceed = True
return proceed
由于您已经有一个用于打印调用的函数,并且打印函数中有一个错误来修复将 'self.__id' 更改为 'str(self.__ID)'
def print(self):
print("Name: " + self.__name + \
", ID Number: " + str(self.__ID) + \
", Department: " + self.__department + \
", Job Title: " + self.__job)
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