python - 如何使用字典在海龟中构建条形图？

Question

我只是想知道如何制作一个条形图，它使用字典中的键对将其用于 x 轴和键值来绘制图形。

例如：dic = {'0-10': 24, '10-20': 20, '20-30': 22, '30-40': 27, '40-50': 150, '50-60': 0, '60-70': 231, '70-80': 467, '80-90': 443, '90-100': 86}

我希望将“0-10”作为 x 轴，将数字作为条形的高度。这是我的代码，但我找不到为它绘制 x 轴的内容。y 轴也将始终为 100。

import turtle
from main import value_pairs, key_values

# Basic function to draw "bar graph", it takes the height as prameter
def drawBar(t, height):
    t.begin_fill()
    t.left(90)
    t.forward(height)
    t.write(str(height))
    t.right(90)
    t.forward(40)
    t.right(90)
    t.forward(height)
    t.left(90)
    t.end_fill()


xs = value_pairs
maxheight = max(xs)
numbars = len(xs)
border = 5

wn = turtle.Screen()
wn.setworldcoordinates(0-border, 0-border, 40*numbars+border, maxheight+border)
wn.bgcolor("white")

t = turtle.Turtle()
t.color("black")
t.fillcolor("white")
t.pensize(3)


for x in value_pairs:
    drawBar(t, x)

标签： pythongraphturtle-graphicspython-turtle

Answer 1

我已经修改了您尝试大致执行您所描述的内容，并从您发布的代码中填补了缺失的部分：

from turtle import Screen, Turtle

FONT_HEIGHT = 18
FONT = ('Arial', FONT_HEIGHT, 'normal')
BORDER = FONT_HEIGHT

def drawBar(t, datum):
    label, height = datum

    t.left(90)

    t.begin_fill()
    t.forward(height)
    t.right(90)
    t.forward(20)
    if height > FONT_HEIGHT:
        t.write(height, align="center", font=FONT)
    t.forward(20)
    t.right(90)
    t.forward(height)
    t.end_fill()

    t.left(90)

    t.backward(40)
    t.forward(20)
    t.write(label, align="center", font=FONT)
    t.forward(20)

data = {
    '0-10': 24,
    '10-20': 20,
    '20-30': 22,
    '30-40': 27,
    '40-50': 150,
    '50-60': 0,
    '60-70': 231,
    '70-80': 467,
    '80-90': 443,
    '90-100': 86
}

maxheight = max(data.values())
numbars = len(data)

screen = Screen()
screen.setworldcoordinates(-BORDER, -BORDER, 40 * numbars + BORDER, maxheight + BORDER)

turtle = Turtle()
turtle.speed('fastest')  # because I have no patience
turtle.fillcolor('white')
turtle.pensize(3)

for datum in data.items():
    drawBar(turtle, datum)

turtle.hideturtle()
screen.exitonclick()

Matplotlib是使用 Python 进行数据可视化的黄金标准，但使用turtle尝试这些东西总是很有趣，以便更好地理解绘图所涉及的内容。

警告：这种方法假设字典是有序的——这不是历史上安全的假设。