python - 多个模型的通用 API 声明
问题描述
在使用 Django 开发 JWT 应用程序的过程中,我注意到了 CRUD API 视图的声明模式,例如:
class Create(generics.CreateAPIView):
queryset = <some django model>.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer # <some serializer class>
class Read(generics.ListAPIView):
queryset = <some django model>.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer # <some serializer class>
class Update(generics.RetrieveUpdateAPIView):
queryset = <some django model>.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer # <some serializer class>
class Delete(generics.DestroyAPIView):
queryset = <some django model>.objects.all()
serializer_class = serializer # <some serializer class>
考虑到我的具体项目有 7 个模型必须具有这些功能,而不是声明上述类的 28 个版本,我认为如果有这样的类会更优雅:
class Create(generics.CreateAPIView):
def __init__(self, model, serializer):
self.queryset = model.objects.all()
self.serializer_class = serializer
super().__init__()
class Read(generics.ListAPIView):
def __init__(self, model, serializer):
self.queryset = model.objects.all()
self.serializer_class = serializer
super().__init__()
class Update(generics.RetrieveUpdateAPIView):
def __init__(self, model, serializer):
self.queryset = model.objects.all()
self.serializer_class = serializer
super().__init__()
class Delete(generics.DestroyAPIView):
def __init__(self, model, serializer):
self.queryset = model.objects.all()
self.serializer_class = serializer
super().__init__()
class CRUD:
"""Base class for CRUD Operations"""
def __init__(self, model, serializer):
self.create = Create(model, serializer)
self.read = Read(model, serializer)
self.update = Update(model, serializer)
self.delete = Delete(model, serializer)
紧随其后的是那些实例:
Reg_API = CRUD(Registry, RegistrySerializer)
Tag_API = CRUD(Tag, TagSerializer)
# etc
如果我在 上进行测试python manage.py shell
,该实例Reg_API.create.queryset
将准确返回我需要的内容。但是,如果我跑步python manage.py runserver
并尝试访问该路线,我会得到__init__() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'model' and 'serializer'
...
在 urls.py 我的路线定义为:
from .crud import Reg_API
urlpatterns = [
path('api/registry/create', Reg_API.create.as_view())
]
所以我想知道这里缺少什么。有什么我忘记了,或者有什么理由我应该遵循 28 声明方式?
解决方案
您正在尝试重新设计已经存在的功能。您想要实现的目标已经存在于 DRF 中,称为viewset。对于您的情况,此代码足以满足整个 Registry CRUD API 的需求:
from rest_framework import viewsets
class RegistryViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Registry.objects.all()
serializer_class = RegistrySerializer
然后在你的 urls.py 中:
from myapp.views import RegistryViewSet
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter
router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'registry', RegistryViewSet, basename='registry')
urlpatterns = router.urls