首页 > 解决方案 > 如何将 clap::ArgMatches 存储在结构中?

问题描述

我正在尝试存储clap::ArgMatches在这样的结构中:

struct Configurator {
    cli_args: ArgMatches,
    root_directory: String
}

我收到的错误是:

error[E0106]: missing lifetime specifier
 --> src/configurator.rs:5:15
  |
5 |     cli_args: ArgMatches,
  |               ^^^^^^^^^^ expected named lifetime parameter
  |
help: consider introducing a named lifetime parameter
  |
4 | struct Configurator<'a> {
5 |     cli_args: ArgMatches<'a>,
  |

我尝试了错误输出中给出的建议解决方案,但这似乎会导致不同的错误。

这里有更多的上下文:

extern crate clap;
use clap::{Arg, App, ArgMatches};

struct Configurator {
    cli_args: ArgMatches,
    root_directory: String
}

impl Configurator {
    pub fn build() -> Configurator {
        let configurator = Configurator {};

        // returns ArgMatches apparently 
        let cli_args = App::new("Rust Web Server")
            .version("0.0.1")
            .author("Blaine Lafreniere <brlafreniere@gmail.com>")
            .about("A simple web server built in rust.")
            .arg(Arg::with_name("root_dir")
                .short("r")
                .long("root_dir")
                .value_name("ROOT_DIR")
                .help("Set the root directory that the web server will serve from.")
                .takes_value(true))
            .get_matches();
        
        configurator.cli_args = cli_args;
    }
}

标签: structrustlifetimeborrow-checkerborrowing

解决方案


正如错误消息所暗示的,您必须将命名的生命周期说明符添加到Configurator. 这是因为ArgMatches保存了对值的引用,所以你必须告诉 Rust 这些引用会存在多久:

struct Configurator<'a> {
    cli_args: ArgMatches<'a>,
    root_directory: String
}

您必须对impl块执行相同的操作:

impl<'a> Configurator<'a> {
    pub fn build() -> Configurator<'a> {
      // ...
    }
}

您的代码的另一个问题是,在 Rust 中,您必须在实例化结构时初始化所有字段:

// this doesn't work
let config = Configurator {}

// but this does
let config = Configurator {
  cli_args: cli_args, 
  root_directory: "/home".to_string(),
};

最后,您必须Configurator从函数返回:

pub fn build() -> Configurator<'a> {
    let cli_args = App::new("Rust Web Server")
        .version("0.0.1")
        .author("Blaine Lafreniere <brlafreniere@gmail.com>")
        .about("A simple web server built in rust.")
        .arg(
            Arg::with_name("root_dir")
                .short("r")
                .long("root_dir")
                .value_name("ROOT_DIR")
                .help("Set the root directory that the web server will serve from.")
                .takes_value(true),
        )
        .get_matches();

    return Configurator {
        cli_args: cli_args,
        root_directory: "/home".to_string(),
    };
}

这是一个可运行的示例


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