c++ - 如何在 Windows 控制台应用程序中执行 popen()
问题描述
像 popen 这样的包
我花了一些时间研究人们编写的用于向子程序发送数据和从子程序接收数据的代码
- CreateProcess.lpCommandLine
- STARTUPINFO.hStdInput 作为文件
- STARTUPINFO.hStdInput 作为管道
- STARTUPINFO.hStdOutput 作为文件
- STARTUPINFO.hStdOutput 作为管道
处理的具体问题是
- 何时使用 cmd.exe
- 如何留在同一个窗口
- 如何检测何时发送数据
解决方案
代码是
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#if _MSC_VER < 1900
#define CONSTEXPR const
#else
#define CONSTEXPR constexpr
#endif
#if _DEBUG
#define NULL_OP stdout
#else
#define NULL_OP NULL
#endif
typedef short Cc;
#define OK 0
#define nullptr (0)
#define PATHCHR ';'
#define DIRSEPCHAR '\\'
#define NFILEN 256
#define in_range(a,b,c) ((unsigned)((a)-(b)) <= (unsigned)((c)-(b)) && ((signed)c)-(b) >= 0)
char * concat(char * tgt, ...)
{
va_list ap;
va_start(ap, tgt);
{ char * s;
tgt[0] = 0;
while ((s = va_arg(ap, char *)) != nullptr)
strcat(tgt, s);
return tgt;
}}
/* at most n chars including the 0 */
char * strpcpypfx(char * t_, const char * s_, int n_, char term)
{ short n;
char ch;
const char * s = s_;
char * t = t_;
for (n = -1; ++n < n_ && (ch = s[n]) != 0 && ch != term;
)
t[n] = ch;
t[n] = 0;
return t_;
}
/* at most n chars including the 0 */
char * strpcpy(char * t_, const char * s_, int n_)
#if 0
{ register short n = n_;
register char * s = s_;
register char * t = t_;
if (t != null)
{ while (--n > 0 && (*t++ = *s++) != 0)
;
if (n == 0)
*t = 0;
}
return t_;
}
#else
{ return strpcpypfx(t_, s_, n_-1, 0);
}
#endif
/* ################# string match routines ##################### */
char bad_strmatch;
const char * com_match(const char * t_, const char * s_, int mask)
{ register int tix = 0;
register const char * s = s_;
register char ch;
#if CHARCODE != ASCII
if (mask == 0x20)
for (; *s != 0 && (ch = t_[tix]) != 0 && toupper(ch) == toupper(*s); ++s)
++tix;
else
#endif
for (; *s != 0 && (ch = t_[tix]) != 0 && (ch | mask) == (*s | mask); ++s)
++tix;
bad_strmatch = *s;
return &t_[tix];
}
/* replace the last entry in dir by file */
/* t can equal dir */
char * pathcat(char * t, int bufsz, const char * dir, const char * file)
{ register int tix;
if (dir[0] == '.' && dir[1] == '/' && dir[2] == '.' && dir[3] == '.' && dir[4] == '/')
dir += 2;
if (file[0] == '/' || file[0] == '\\')
strpcpy(t, file, bufsz);
else
{ for (tix = -1; ++tix < bufsz - 1 && dir[tix] != 0; )
t[tix] = dir[tix];
t[tix] = 0;
while (1)
{ while (--tix >= 0 && t[tix] != '/' && t[tix] != '\\') /* strip back to / */
;
if (tix > 0)
{ if (t[tix-1] != '.' &&
file[0] == '.' && file[1] == '.' && file[2] == '/')
{ for (file = &file[2]; *++file == '/';) /* strip forward to non / */
;
continue;
}
}
break;
}
{ int six = 0;
for (; ++tix < bufsz - 1 && file[six] != 0; ++six)
t[tix] = file[six];
t[tix] = 0;
}}
return t;
}
int name_mode(const char * s)
{ struct stat fstat_;
if (stat(s, &fstat_) != OK)
return 0;
return fstat_.st_mode;
}
#define fexist(fn) name_mode(fn)
static char fspec[256+2]; /* full path spec to search */
bool fex_path(const char * dir, const char * file)
{ if (dir != nullptr)
{ char * pc = pathcat(&fspec[0], sizeof(fspec), dir, file);
if (fexist(pc))
return true;
}
return false;
}
#define INTWIDTH (sizeof(int) * 3)
char * int_asc(int i)
/* integer to translate to a string */
{
static char result[INTWIDTH+2];
memset(&result, ' ', INTWIDTH);
{ char *sp = &result[INTWIDTH+1];
int v = i; /* sign of resulting number */
if (v < 0)
v = -v;
*sp = 0;
do
{ *(--sp) = '0' + v % 10; /* and install the new digit */
v = v / 10;
} while (v);
if (i < 0)
*(--sp) = '-'; /* and install the minus sign */
return sp;
}}
char * g_invokenm;
void flook_init(char * cmd)
{ g_invokenm = _strdup(cmd);
if (g_invokenm[0] == '"')
{ ++g_invokenm;
g_invokenm[strlen(g_invokenm)-1] = 0;
}
{ char * sp;
for (sp = g_invokenm; *sp != 0 && *sp != ' '; ++sp)
if (*sp == '\\')
*sp = '/';
if (*sp != 0)
*sp = 0;
}}
/* wh == I =>
Look up the existence of a file in the current working directory ||
along the include path in the INCLDIRS environment variable.
wh == E =>
Look up the existence of a file in the current working directory ||
along the normal $PATH
else
if wh is in uppercase then look first in the $HOME directory
always look up a file along the normal $PATH.
*/
const char * flook(char wh, const char * fname)
{ char uwh = toupper(wh);
register char *path; /* environmental PATH variable */
// char buf[100];
if (fexist(fname))
return fname;
/* if we have an absolute path check only there! */
if (*fname == '\\' || *fname == '/' ||
*fname != 0 && fname[1] == ':')
return nullptr;
//loglog1("not so far %s", fname);
if (fname != g_invokenm)
{ if (fex_path(flook('E', g_invokenm), fname))
return fspec;
}
path = getenv("PATH");
if (path != nullptr)
for (; *path != 0; ++path)
{ int ix;
if (path[0] == '-' && path[1] == 'I'
|| path[0] == '.' && path[1] == '/')
path += 2;
/* fspec[0] = 0;
if (inclmod != nullptr && path[0] != '/')
strcpy(&fspec[0], inclmod);
*/
for (ix = -1; ix < (int)sizeof(fspec)-2 &&
*path != 0
&& *path != PATHCHR
; )
fspec[++ix] = *path++;
if (path[-1] != DIRSEPCHAR)
fspec[++ix] = '/';
fspec[ix+1] = 0;
/* { char buf[200];
strcat(strcat((buf, "PATHE "),fspec);
MessageBox(nullptr, buf, "pe",MB_YESNO|MB_ICONQUESTION);
} */
if (fex_path(fspec, fname))
return fspec;
if (*path == 0)
break;
}
return nullptr; /* no such luck */
}
char * mkTempName (/*out*/char *buf, const char *name)
{
#ifdef _CONVDIR_CHAR
#define DIRY_CHAR _CONVDIR_CHAR
#else
#define DIRY_CHAR DIRSEPCHAR
#endif
static const char *tmpDir = NULL ;
char c2[2];
const char * td = tmpDir != NULL ? tmpDir : (char *)getenv("TEMP");
c2[0] = c2[1] = 0;
if (td == NULL)
#if (defined _DOS) || (defined _WIN32)
/* the C drive : better than ./ as ./ could be on a CD-Rom etc */
td = "c:\\" ;
#else
td = "./" ;
#endif
else
if (td[strlen(td)-1] != DIRY_CHAR)
c2[0] = DIRY_CHAR;
tmpDir = td;
concat(buf,td,c2,"me",int_asc(_getpid()),name,0);
return &buf[strlen(buf)];
}
#define DUMMY_STDIN_FILE "stdin.~~~"
HANDLE CreateF(char * filenm)
{ int gen = GENERIC_WRITE;
int share = FILE_SHARE_WRITE;
int cmd = CREATE_ALWAYS;
HANDLE Hdl;
int ct = 2;
(void)mkTempName(filenm, DUMMY_STDIN_FILE);
for (; ;)
{ Hdl = CreateFile(filenm,gen,share,NULL,
cmd,FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,NULL);
if (--ct == 0)
break;
if (Hdl >= 0) /* VALID_HANDLE_VALUE */
CloseHandle(Hdl);
gen = GENERIC_READ;
share = FILE_SHARE_READ;
cmd = OPEN_ALWAYS;
}
return Hdl;
}
bool v_opt = false;
void mbwrite(const char * msg)
{ if (v_opt)
printf("%s\n", msg);
}
void flagerr(const char * fmt)
{ DWORD ec = GetLastError();
fprintf(stderr, fmt, ec);
}
void ErrorMessage(const char *str) //display detailed error info
{ LPVOID msg;
FormatMessage(
FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
NULL,
GetLastError(),
MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT), // Default language
(LPTSTR) &msg,
0,
NULL
);
fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n",str, (const char*)msg);
LocalFree(msg);
}
void setMyConsoleIP()
{ HANDLE ConsIn = GetStdHandle( STD_INPUT_HANDLE );
if (ConsIn < 0) /* INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE */
flagerr("Piperr %d");
/* SetStdHandle( STD_INPUT_HANDLE, g_ConsIn ); */
if (0 == SetConsoleMode(ConsIn, ENABLE_WINDOW_INPUT))
flagerr("PipeC %d");
}
class Pipe
{ public:
enum Modes { WL_IHAND = 1,
WL_SHELL = 2,
WL_AWAIT_PROMPT = 4,
WL_HOLD = 8,
WL_CNC = CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE,
WL_CNPG = CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP,
WL_SPAWN = 0x1000,
WL_SHOWW = 0x2000,
WL_NOIHAND = 0x4000 };
typedef unsigned int CmdMode;
static int menu[4];
#if _MSC_VER >= 1900
static_assert(WL_CNC > WL_HOLD && WL_CNPG > WL_HOLD);
#endif
static
Cc WinLaunch(Cc & sysRet, CmdMode flags,
const char *app = nullptr, const char * ca = nullptr,
const char * in_data = nullptr,
HANDLE ip = 0, const char *outfile = 0); // char *outErr,
};
Cc Pipe::WinLaunch(Cc & sysRet, CmdMode flags,
const char *app, const char * ca,
const char * in_data,
HANDLE ip, const char *outfile) // char *outErr,
{ char buff[1024]; //i/o buffer
const char * fapp = app == nullptr ? nullptr : flook('P', app);
if (fapp != nullptr) // never use comspec
app = fapp;
else if (flags & WL_SHELL)
{ const char * comSpecName = (char*)getenv("COMSPEC");
if (comSpecName == nullptr)
comSpecName = "cmd.exe";
if (ca == nullptr)
{ app = nullptr;
ca = comSpecName;
}
else /* Create the command line */
{ int len = strlen(concat(buff," /c \"", app == nullptr ? "" : app,0));
char * dd = buff+len;
char ch;
char prev = 'A';
const char * ss = ca;
if (len+strlen(ss) >= sizeof(buff))
return -1;
for (; (ch = *ss++); prev = ch)
{ if (ch == '/' && // &&!(flags & LAUNCH_LEAVENAMES)
(in_range(toupper(prev), 'A','Z')
|| in_range(prev, '0', '9')
|| prev == '_' || prev == ' '))
ch = '\\';
if (ch == '"')
*dd++ = '\\';
*dd++ = ch;
}
*dd = '"';
dd[1] = 0;
ca = buff;
app = comSpecName;
}
}
if (app != NULL && ca != NULL && ca[0] != ' ')
return -1000;
{ int use_data = ip != 0 || in_data != nullptr;
HANDLE newstdin = ip; //pipe handles
HANDLE newstdout = 0;
HANDLE write_stdin = 0;
HANDLE read_stdout = 0;
STARTUPINFO si;
//SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR sd; //security information for pipes
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa;
sa.nLength = sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
sa.lpSecurityDescriptor = nullptr;
sa.bInheritHandle = TRUE; //allow inheritable handles
//memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
si.cb = sizeof(si);
if (flags & WL_SHOWW)
{ si.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
si.wShowWindow = SW_SHOWNORMAL;
}
if (flags & WL_SPAWN)
{ if (CreatePipe(&read_stdout,&newstdout,&sa,0)) //create stdout pipe
mbwrite("Created RSO");
else
{ ErrorMessage("CreatePipe");
return -1001;
}
if (CreatePipe(&newstdin,&write_stdin,&sa,0)) //create stdin pipe
mbwrite("Created WSO");
else
{ ErrorMessage("CreatePipe");
CloseHandle(newstdout);
CloseHandle(read_stdout);
return -1000;
}
// GetStartupInfo(&si); //set startupinfo for the spawned process
si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES | STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
si.hStdOutput = newstdout;
si.hStdError = newstdout; //set the new handles for the child process
si.hStdInput = newstdin;
// si.lpTitle = "Emsub";
#if 0
if (si.hStdOutput != 0)
{ HANDLE cur_proc = GetCurrentProcess();
BOOL s = DuplicateHandle(cur_proc,si.hStdOutput,
cur_proc,&si.hStdError,0,TRUE,
DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS) ;
}
// mbwrite("IHAND");
#endif
flags |= WL_IHAND;
}
else
{ if (si.hStdInput <= 0 && !use_data && (flags & WL_NOIHAND) == 0)
{ char dummyInFile[NFILEN] ; /* Dummy input file */
newstdin = CreateF(dummyInFile);
si.hStdInput = newstdin;
}
if (si.hStdOutput <= 0 && outfile)
{
newstdout = CreateFile(outfile,GENERIC_WRITE,FILE_SHARE_WRITE,&sa,
CREATE_ALWAYS,FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY,nullptr);
si.hStdOutput = newstdout;
if (si.hStdOutput < 0)
fprintf(stderr,"CFOut Failed\n");
}
if (si.hStdInput > 0 || si.hStdOutput > 0)
si.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
}
if (v_opt)
{ printf(app == nullptr ? "<no app>" : "%s\n", app);
printf(ca == nullptr ? "<no args>" : "%s\n", ca);
printf("%s\n", int_asc((int)si.hStdOutput));
}
//spawn the child process
if (!CreateProcess(app,
(char*)ca,
nullptr,nullptr,
(flags & WL_IHAND),
flags & (WL_CNPG+WL_CNC),
nullptr,nullptr,&si,&pi))
{ ErrorMessage("CreateProcess");
if (newstdin != 0) CloseHandle(newstdin);
if (newstdout != 0) CloseHandle(newstdout);
if (read_stdout != 0) CloseHandle(read_stdout);
if (write_stdin != 0) CloseHandle(write_stdin);
return -1002;
}
CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
{ DWORD exit = 0; //process exit code
DWORD bread; //bytes read
DWORD avail; //bytes available
int got_ip = 0;
int clamp = 4;
int iter = 0;
int end = 0;
int sct = 6;
int sentz = 0;
if (!(flags & WL_SPAWN))
{
// int ct = 200000;
for (;;)
{ DWORD procStatus = WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, 200);
if (procStatus == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
{ // millisleep(100);
// if (--ct >= 0)
// if (!typahead() /* && (TTbreakFlag != 0)*/)
// continue;
}
{ Cc cc = (procStatus != WAIT_FAILED);
if (cc)
{ cc = GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess,&exit);
if (cc == 0)
flagerr("GECP %d");
else
{ // mbwrite("Exitting");
break;
}
}
}}
mbwrite("Exit Whole");
}
else
{ char fbuff[512];
char lbuff[512];
const char * ipstr = in_data == nullptr ? "" : in_data;
FILE * op = outfile == nullptr ? NULL_OP : fopen(outfile, "w");
int append_nl = *ipstr != 0;
if (read_stdout == 0)
{ mbwrite("Int Err");
return -1;
}
for(;;++iter) //main program loop
{ Sleep(250);
{ Cc cc = PeekNamedPipe(read_stdout,buff,1023,&bread,&avail,nullptr);
if (cc == 0)
flagerr("PNP %d");
else
{ //mbwrite(int_asc(avail+10000));
//check to see if there is any data to read from stdout
if (bread != 0)
{ int done = 0;
buff[bread] = 0;
// mbwrite(buff);
while (done < (int)avail)
{ cc = ReadFile(read_stdout,buff,1023,&bread,nullptr);
if (cc == 0)
{ flagerr("PNP %d");
break;
}
if (bread == 0)
break;
done += bread;
buff[bread] = 0;
got_ip = 1;
if (op != nullptr)
fputs(buff, op);
else if (v_opt)
printf("In: %s",buff);
}
}
}
cc = GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess,&exit); //while the process is running
if (cc == 0)
{ flagerr("GECP %d");
if (--clamp <= 0)
break;
}
else if (exit != STILL_ACTIVE)
{ mbwrite(int_asc(exit));
break;
}
if (sentz && iter > 10) // 4 seconds
{ if (--sentz <= 0)
{ sentz = 1;
break;
}
continue;
}
mbwrite("Testing");
if ((flags & WL_AWAIT_PROMPT) && !got_ip && !_kbhit())
continue;
mbwrite("Getting");
if (*ipstr == 0)
{ if (ip != 0)
{ unsigned long rct;
cc = ReadFile(ip,fbuff,sizeof(fbuff)-1,&rct,nullptr);
if (cc == 0)
ip = 0;
else
{ ipstr = fbuff;
fbuff[rct] = 0;
}
}
}
{ int sl = *ipstr;
if (sl != 0)
{ char * ln = lbuff-1;
--ipstr;
while (*++ipstr != 0 && *ipstr != '\r' && *ipstr != '\n')
*++ln = *ipstr;
if (*ipstr == '\r' && ipstr[1] == '\n')
++ipstr;
if (*ipstr != 0)
*++ln = *ipstr++;
else
{ *++ln = '\n';
mbwrite("Ends");
}
sl = ln + 1 - lbuff;
if (sl > 1)
{ if (lbuff[sl-1] == 'Z' - '@')
sentz = 8;
else if (lbuff[sl-1] != '\n' && append_nl)
{ lbuff[sl++] = '\n';
append_nl = 0;
}
}
}
if (sl == 0 && sentz == 0)
{ sentz = 8;
lbuff[sl++] = 'Z' -'@';
mbwrite("Z");
}
#if 0
--sct;
if (sct >= 0)
{ char sch = lbuff[sl];
lbuff[sl] = 0;
mlwrite("Sending %d %x %s",sl, lbuff[sl-1], lbuff);
mbwrite(lastmesg);
lbuff[sl] = sch;
}
#endif
cc = WriteFile(write_stdin,lbuff,sl,&bread,nullptr); //send it to stdin
if (cc == 0)
ErrorMessage("WriteFile");
// else
// { mlwrite("Sent %d",bread);
// mbwrite(lastmesg);
// }
lbuff[0] = 0; // Conceal data
lbuff[1] = 0;
lbuff[2] = 0;
}}}
if (op != NULL_OP)
fclose(op);
}
//printf("Exitted %d\n", exit);
CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
CloseHandle(newstdin); //clean stuff up
CloseHandle(newstdout);
CloseHandle(read_stdout);
CloseHandle(write_stdin);
setMyConsoleIP();
sysRet = sentz ? -1 : (Cc)exit;
return sentz ? -1 : OK;
}}}
#define STANDALONE 1
#if STANDALONE
void explain(void)
{ fputs(
"launch [-wh # | -f #] [-p app] [-a args] [-d data] [-i [file]] [-o file]\n"
" -wh # Which command mode\n"
" -f # command mode\n"
" -p app App\n"
" -a args Args\n"
" -d data Data to pipe in\n"
" -o file File to receive output\n"
" -i [file] (Also)take data from stdin\n"
" -v Verbose\n", stdout);
exit(0);
}
int Pipe::menu[4]= { (int)(WL_SPAWN | WL_CNC | WL_AWAIT_PROMPT),
WL_SHELL | WL_CNPG | WL_NOIHAND, // | WL_SHOWW,
WL_SPAWN | WL_IHAND | WL_HOLD | WL_CNC,
WL_IHAND | WL_HOLD | WL_SHELL
};
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{ if (argc <= 1)
{ explain();
}
{ int argsleft = argc - 1;
char ** argv_ = &argv[1];
short wh_opt = 0;
int f_opt = 0;
char * app = nullptr;
char * args = nullptr;
char * indata = nullptr;
char * infile = nullptr;
char * outfile = nullptr;
bool usestdin_opt = false;
for (; argsleft > 0 && argv_[0][0] == '-'; --argsleft)
{ char * flgs = &argv_[0][1];
++argv_;
if (*flgs != 0)
{ if (*flgs == 'i')
{ if (argsleft == 1)
usestdin_opt = true;
else
{ infile = *(argv_++);
--argsleft;
}
continue;
}
else if (*flgs == 'v')
{ v_opt = true;
continue;
}
else
{ if (argsleft == 1)
explain();
}
switch(*flgs)
{ case 'w': if (flgs[1] != 'h')
explain();
wh_opt = atoi(*(argv_));
break;
case 'f': f_opt = atoi(*(argv_));
break;
case 'p': app = *(argv_);
break;
case 'a': args = *(argv_);
break;
case 'd': indata = *(argv_);
break;
case 'o': outfile = *(argv_);
break;
default: explain();
}
++argv_;
--argsleft;
}
}
if (f_opt == 0 && wh_opt == 0)
explain();
if (wh_opt > sizeof(Pipe::menu) / sizeof(int))
explain();
if (wh_opt)
if (f_opt)
explain();
else
f_opt = Pipe::menu[wh_opt - 1];
HANDLE ip = infile != nullptr
? CreateFile(infile,GENERIC_READ,FILE_SHARE_READ,nullptr,
OPEN_ALWAYS,FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,nullptr) :
usestdin_opt ? GetStdHandle( STD_INPUT_HANDLE ) :
0;
Cc rc;
Cc cc = Pipe::WinLaunch(rc, f_opt, app, args, indata, ip, outfile);
if (cc == -1)
printf("Gave up\n");
else
printf("Cc %d Rc %d\n", cc, rc);
return OK;
}}
#endif
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