首页 > 解决方案 > 模板化 ctor 上的编译器错误(这是编译器错误吗?)

问题描述

当我尝试在 Visual Studio 2019 中编译这篇文章(见下文)中的代码时,我在模板化复制 ctor 行收到以下编译器错误:

Error   C2439   'PreAllocator<_Newfirst>::memory_ptr': member could not be initialized
Error   C2440   'initializing': cannot convert from 'T *const ' to 'T *'
Error   C2248   'PreAllocator<int>::memory_size': cannot access private member declared in class 'PreAllocator<int>'    
Error   C2248   'PreAllocator<int>::memory_ptr': cannot access private member declared in class 'PreAllocator<int>' 

这是编译器错误还是我遗漏了什么?


template <typename T>
class PreAllocator
{
private:
    T* memory_ptr;
    std::size_t memory_size;

public:
    typedef std::size_t     size_type;
    typedef T* pointer;
    typedef T               value_type;

    PreAllocator(T* memory_ptr, std::size_t memory_size) : memory_ptr(memory_ptr), memory_size(memory_size) {}

    PreAllocator(const PreAllocator& other) throw() : memory_ptr(other.memory_ptr), memory_size(other.memory_size) {};

    template<typename U>
    PreAllocator(const PreAllocator<U>& other) throw() : memory_ptr(other.memory_ptr), memory_size(other.memory_size) {};

    template<typename U>
    PreAllocator& operator = (const PreAllocator<U>& other) { return *this; }
    PreAllocator<T>& operator = (const PreAllocator& other) { return *this; }
    ~PreAllocator() {}

    pointer allocate(size_type n, const void* hint = 0) { return memory_ptr; }
    void deallocate(T* ptr, size_type n) {}

    size_type max_size() const { return memory_size; }
};

int main()
{
    int my_arr[100] = { 0 };
    std::vector<int, PreAllocator<int>> my_vec(0, PreAllocator<int>(&my_arr[0], 100));
}

标签: c++visual-c++compiler-errorsvisual-studio-2019

解决方案


template<typename U>
PreAllocator(const PreAllocator<U>& other) throw() : memory_ptr(other.memory_ptr), memory_size(other.memory_size) {};

此构造函数尝试从type 初始化 type memory_ptr,这与 type 不同(因为否则将调用复制构造函数)。该实现显然使用内部类型来实例化分配器以分配存储,并且指向该类型的指针不能隐式转换为您所期望的。T*other.memory_ptrU*T*std::vectorint*

您必须显式转换指针,或在void*内部存储,然后您将T*allocate成员函数中转换为。

template <typename T>
class PreAllocator
{
private:
    void* memory_ptr;

    ...

public:
    template<typename U>
    PreAllocator(const PreAllocator<U>& other) throw() :
        memory_ptr(other.memory_ptr), memory_size(other.memory_size) {}

    pointer allocate(size_type n, const void* hint = 0)
    {
        return static_cast< pointer >(memory_ptr);
    }

    ...
};

此外,在同一个构造函数中,您正在访问memory_ptrmemory_size的成员PreAllocator<U>,它是一个不同且不相关的类型PreAllocator<T>(同样,因为TU是不同的类型)。这些成员在该类中是私有的,这会给您带来访问错误。

您可以通过将这些成员设为公共或为它们添加公共访问器来缓解这种情况,或者通过PreAllocator使用如下声明使朋友的所有专业化:

template <typename T>
class PreAllocator
{
    template< typename U >
    friend class PreAllocator;

    ...
};

推荐阅读