首页 > 解决方案 > 如何使用 BFS 找到最近的节点?

问题描述

G(V,E)是一个无向无权图并且r是 的一个子集V。现在节点root被添加到并且在所有节点G之间添加边。现在对于我想找到使用 BFS 的最近节点的每个节点。请帮忙。我已经尝试了以下代码。rootrV-rr

import networkx as nx
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def bfs(g, node):
    dist = 0
    visited = [node]
    queue = [(node, dist)]
    tr = {}
    while queue:
        s, dist = queue.pop(0)
        tr[s] = []
        for nbr in list(g.adj[s]):
            if nbr not in visited:
                visited.append(nbr)
                tr[s].append(nbr, dist+1)
                queue.append((nbr, dist+1))
    return tr

G=nx.erdos_renyi_graph(50,0.1)

r=[5,8,36,43,21]
G.add_node('root')
for i in r:
    G.add_edge(i,'root')

t = bfs(G, 'root')
print(t)

标签: pythongraph-theorygraph-algorithmbreadth-first-searchtree-traversal

解决方案


我不明白root这个问题中节点的目的。我认为,解决此问题的最简单方法是bfs从所有V-r节点调用。每次,当您能够到达属于 的节点时r,您将其返回。因为它是属于 的第一个可达节点r。这是此过程的示例:

import networkx as nx
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def bfs(g, node, r):
    dist = 0
    visited = [node]
    queue = [(node, dist)]
    #tr = {}
    while queue:
        s, dist = queue.pop(0)
        #tr[s] = []
        for nbr in list(g.adj[s]):
            if nbr not in visited:
                if nbr in r:
                    return (nbr, dist+1)
                
                visited.append(nbr)
                #tr[s].append((nbr, dist+1))
                queue.append((nbr, dist+1))
    #return tr
    return (NaN, NaN)

G=nx.erdos_renyi_graph(50,0.1)

r=[5,8,36,43,21]
G.add_node('root')
for i in r:
    G.add_edge(i,'root')

for n in list(G.nodes):
    if n not in r:
        t, d = bfs(G, n, r)
        print("Node {}'s nearest node in r: {} with distance: {}".format(n, t, d))

由于erdos_renyi是随机图,因此它可以在不同的运行中给出不同的结果。这是一个示例输出:

Node 0's nearest node in r: 5 with distance: 2
Node 1's nearest node in r: 8 with distance: 1
Node 2's nearest node in r: 43 with distance: 2
Node 3's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 2
Node 4's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 2
Node 6's nearest node in r: 5 with distance: 2
Node 7's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 2
Node 9's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 1
Node 10's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 2
Node 11's nearest node in r: 8 with distance: 2
Node 12's nearest node in r: 8 with distance: 3
Node 13's nearest node in r: 8 with distance: 2
Node 14's nearest node in r: 8 with distance: 2
Node 15's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 3
Node 16's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 3
Node 17's nearest node in r: 8 with distance: 1
Node 18's nearest node in r: 8 with distance: 1
Node 19's nearest node in r: 8 with distance: 1
Node 20's nearest node in r: 21 with distance: 1
Node 22's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 2
Node 23's nearest node in r: 21 with distance: 2
Node 24's nearest node in r: 21 with distance: 1
Node 25's nearest node in r: 5 with distance: 1
Node 26's nearest node in r: 5 with distance: 1
Node 27's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 3
Node 28's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 2
Node 29's nearest node in r: 5 with distance: 1
Node 30's nearest node in r: 21 with distance: 1
Node 31's nearest node in r: 43 with distance: 1
Node 32's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 3
Node 33's nearest node in r: 5 with distance: 2
Node 34's nearest node in r: 8 with distance: 2
Node 35's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 2
Node 37's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 3
Node 38's nearest node in r: 43 with distance: 1
Node 39's nearest node in r: 8 with distance: 2
Node 40's nearest node in r: 43 with distance: 1
Node 41's nearest node in r: 43 with distance: 2
Node 42's nearest node in r: 8 with distance: 2
Node 44's nearest node in r: 43 with distance: 2
Node 45's nearest node in r: 43 with distance: 2
Node 46's nearest node in r: 5 with distance: 2
Node 47's nearest node in r: 8 with distance: 1
Node 48's nearest node in r: 36 with distance: 1
Node 49's nearest node in r: 5 with distance: 2
Node root's nearest node in r: 5 with distance: 1

您甚至可以进一步优化此解决方案。首先,为节点创建一个列表,该列表V-r将存储从节点到该节点的最短距离r。用一些大的(即无限的)值初始化这个列表。现在,您可以从所有节点调用 bfs并在可能的情况下更新距离列表,而不是调用bfs每个节点。通过这个过程,您将减少对if的调用。我希望这能解决你的问题。V-rrbfslen(r) << len(V-r)


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