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python - 如何使用 Python 从包含“显示更多”的网页中提取所有 url？

问题描述

我是网页抓取领域的新手，我之前使用代码从包含多个页面的网站中提取 url，然后将它们保存在 txt 文件中。我想将它应用到一个新网站，但它只有一个页面但有一个“显示更多”按钮。

这是网页： http ://sdg.iisd.org/news/

这是我的代码：

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time
import pandas as pd 



links = []

for i in range(#221):
    url = 'http://sdg.iisd.org/news/'  #+ str(i) <-- for webpage with many pages

    response = requests.get(url, headers={'User-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'})

    if response.ok:
        print('Page: ' + str(i))
        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text,'lxml')
        div = soup.findAll('article')
        for article in div:
            a = article.find('a')
            link = a['href']
            links.append('https://sdg.iisd.org/news' + link)

        print(len(links))

with open('urls.txt', 'w') as file:
    for link in links:
        file.write(link + '\n')

有些人建议使用 Selenium，但我找不到我拥有的类似应用程序的示例。您知道我可以使用和更改我的代码以获取页面的所有链接吗？

标签： pythonweb-scraping

解决方案

如果您记录浏览器的网络流量，您可以看到按下按钮会通过 HTTP POSTShow more发出 XHR 请求，并且响应是 HTML。http://sdg.iisd.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php您也可以从浏览器的开发工具中复制 POST 有效负载。使用有效负载字典中的pageNumber和ppp键值对data来获取不同的文章：

def main():
    import requests
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as Soup
    from operator import itemgetter

    url = "http://sdg.iisd.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"

    data = {
        "template": "load_more",
        "post_type": "news",
        "sdgs": "",
        "issues": "",
        "globalpartnership": "",
        "actors": "",
        "actions": "",
        "regions": "",
        "behaviour": "exact",
        "sort_by": "DESC",
        "pageNumber": "1",
        "ppp": "12",
        "action": "more_post_ajax",
        "author": ""
    }

    response = requests.post(url, data=data)
    response.raise_for_status()

    soup = Soup(response.content, "html.parser")

    article_urls = list(map(itemgetter("href"), soup.select("article > a")))
    print(article_urls)
    
    return 0


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    sys.exit(main())

输出：

['http://sdg.iisd.org/news/wef-event-explores-ways-to-fix-international-trade-system/', 'http://sdg.iisd.org/news/wto-members-resume-negotiations-on-fisheries-subsidies/', 'http://sdg.iisd.org/news/informal-ministerial-highlights-role-of-trade-in-promoting-covid-19-recovery/', 'http://sdg.iisd.org/news/wto-imf-project-uneven-covid-19-recovery-across-and-within-countries/', 'http://sdg.iisd.org/news/53-wto-members-commit-to-ease-restrictions-on-humanitarian-food-aid/', 'http://sdg.iisd.org/news/development-goals-can-work-even-amid-crisis-but-we-need-to-measure-better/', 'http://sdg.iisd.org/news/unctad-partners-launch-tool-to-identify-exchange-traded-funds-with-sdg-alignment/', 'http://sdg.iisd.org/news/tool-helps-measure-quality-of-stakeholder-engagement-in-sdgs/', 'http://sdg.iisd.org/news/unctad-reveals-economic-slowdown-before-covid-19-provides-key-data-on-rcep-agreement/', 'http://sdg.iisd.org/news/unep-report-identifies-top-actions-to-minimize-adverse-impacts-of-pesticides-fertilizers/', 'http://sdg.iisd.org/news/regions-to-hold-sustainable-development-forums-ahead-of-2021-hlpf/', 'http://sdg.iisd.org/news/ndc-partnership-reflects-on-milestone-year-for-climate-ambition/']
>>>

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