python - 获取 KivyMD (MDList) 上小部件的索引

Question

我正在尝试构建一个在 Python 和 KivyMD 中具有 shedule 管理器的应用程序。代码的第一页是显示日程的地方，另一页是您将添加信息的地方。在第二页填写表格后，仪表板窗口将更新，注册的活动信息将添加到 MDList 小部件中。左上的 MDCard 保存活动的平均时间，右上角的 MDCard 保存注册的活动数量。

如果用户在注册时出错（向右滑动 MDList 项目并单击垃圾桶图标），用户将有机会删除以前注册的活动。当然，删除后小部件值需要更新。我的问题是在尝试更新活动的平均时间时出现：要计算所有金额保存到列表中的平均值，我想要做的是获取 MDList 中删除的项目的索引。所以我可以相应地删除金额并进行准确的计算。（其实我只是选择了要删除的索引为0，所以被删除的项永远是列表中的第一项。

蟒蛇文件：

from kivymd.app import MDApp
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager, Screen
from kivymd.toast import toast
from kivymd.uix.menu import MDDropdownMenu
from kivy.clock import Clock
from kivy.config import Config
from kivy.core.window import Window
from kivy.utils import platform
from kivy.properties import StringProperty
from kivymd.uix.card import MDCardSwipe
from kivymd.uix.button import MDIconButton, MDTooltip
from kivymd.uix.behaviors.toggle_behavior import MDToggleButton
from kivymd.uix.button import MDRectangleFlatButton


if platform not in ('android', 'ios'):
    Config.set('graphics', 'resizable', '0')
    Window.size = (600, 700)


class TooltipMDIconButton(MDIconButton, MDTooltip):
    pass


class MyToggleButton(MDRectangleFlatButton, MDToggleButton):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.background_down = self.theme_cls.primary_light


class SwipeToDeleteItem(MDCardSwipe):
    text = StringProperty()
    secondary_text = StringProperty()

    def remove_item(self, instance):
        dash = MDApp.get_running_app().root.get_screen('dash')
        dash.ids.md_list.remove_widget(instance)
        if dash.number_items_mdlist > 0:
            dash.number_items_mdlist -= 1
        dash.ids.numero_actividades_dash.text = str(dash.number_items_mdlist)

        # MODIFY INDEX SO TO MATCH THE MDLIST INDEX
        index = instance.id
        dash.minutes_items_mdlist -= int(dash.duracion_actividades_list[0])  # Should replace '0' with 'index'
        if int(dash.number_items_mdlist) != 0:
            dash.ids.promedio_tiempo_actividades.text = str(round(int(dash.minutes_items_mdlist) /
                                                              int(dash.number_items_mdlist)))
        else:
            dash.ids.promedio_tiempo_actividades.text = '0'

        del dash.duracion_actividades_list[0]   # Should replace '0' with 'index'
        self.show_toast()

    def show_toast(self):
        toast("Actividad eliminada del cronograma")


# DASHBOARD ################################
class DashboardWindow(Screen):
    number_items_mdlist = 0
    minutes_items_mdlist = 0
    duracion_actividades_list = []

    def on_pre_enter(self, *args):
        Window.size = (Window.width + 1, Window.height + 1)
        Window.size = (Window.width - 1, Window.height - 1)


# ACTIVITIES WINDOW ################################
class IngActivWindow(Screen):
    menu = None

    def dropdown_activity(self):
        # Create the drop down menu
        actividades = ["Correo electrónico", "Hora Regreso a Oficina", "Hora Salida de Oficina",
                       "Llamada de cortesia", "Llamada de Presentación", "Llamada de Promoción",
                       "Seguimiento a Cotización", "Traslado", "Visita a Cliente", "Whatsapp"]
        menu_items = [{"text": f"{actividad}"} for actividad in actividades]
        self.menu = MDDropdownMenu(
            caller=self.ids.dropdown_Actividades,
            items=menu_items,
            width_mult=5,
        )
        self.menu.open()
        self.menu.bind(on_release=self.set_item)

    def set_item(self, instance_menu, instance_menu_item):
        def set_item(interval):
            self.ids.dropdown_Actividades.text = instance_menu_item.text
            instance_menu.dismiss()
        Clock.schedule_once(set_item, 0.5)

    def format_hour(self):
        if len(self.ids.hour_field.text) > 2:
            self.ids.hour_field.text = self.ids.hour_field.text[:-1]

        if self.ids.hour_field.text != '' and int(self.ids.hour_field.text) > 12:
            self.ids.hour_field.text = self.ids.hour_field.text[:-1]

        self.ids.hora_final.text = self.ids.hour_field.text + ':00 ____'

    def format_minute(self):
        if len(self.ids.minute_field.text) > 2:
            self.ids.minute_field.text = self.ids.minute_field.text[:-1]

        if self.ids.minute_field.text != '' and int(self.ids.minute_field.text) > 59:
            self.ids.minute_field.text = self.ids.minute_field.text[:-1]

        self.ids.hora_final.text = self.ids.hour_field.text + ':' + self.ids.minute_field.text + ' ____'

    def format_am_pm(self):
        if self.ids.toggle_am.state == 'down':
            self.ids.hora_final.text = self.ids.hora_final.text[:-5] + ' a.m.'
        elif self.ids.toggle_pm.state == 'down':
            self.ids.hora_final.text = self.ids.hora_final.text[:-5] + ' p.m.'

    def calculate_final_time(self):
        if self.ids.hour_field != '' and self.ids.minute_field != '' and self.ids.duracion.text != '':

            add_minutes = str(int(self.ids.minute_field.text) + int(self.ids.duracion.text))
            # Check if added minutes does not surpass 60
            # < 60 --> just add minute_field and duracion
            if int(add_minutes) < 60:
                self.ids.hora_final.text = self.ids.hour_field.text + ':' + add_minutes
                # Add a.m./p.m. to label depending on the toggle button selected
                if self.ids.toggle_am.state == 'down':
                    self.ids.hora_final.text = self.ids.hora_final.text + ' a.m.'
                elif self.ids.toggle_pm.state == 'down':
                    self.ids.hora_final.text = self.ids.hora_final.text + ' p.m.'

            # if >= 60 -->
            else:
                hours_to_add = int(add_minutes) / 60
                minutes_to_add = int(add_minutes) % 60
                add_hours = int(self.ids.hour_field.text) + int(hours_to_add)
                if len(str(minutes_to_add)) == 1:
                    minutes_to_add = '0' + str(minutes_to_add)

                # Si la suma de las horas es mayor a 12, cambiar a formato de 12 horas
                if int(add_hours) == 12:
                    if self.ids.toggle_am.state == 'down':
                        self.ids.hora_final.text = str(add_hours) + ':' + str(minutes_to_add) + ' p.m.'
                    elif self.ids.toggle_pm.state == 'down':
                        self.ids.hora_final.text = str(add_hours) + ':' + str(minutes_to_add) + ' a.m.'

                elif int(add_hours) > 11:
                    if int(self.ids.hour_field.text) == 12:
                        if self.ids.toggle_am.state == 'down':
                            add_hours -= 12
                            self.ids.hora_final.text = str(add_hours) + ':' + str(minutes_to_add) + ' a.m.'
                        elif self.ids.toggle_pm.state == 'down':
                            add_hours -= 12
                            self.ids.hora_final.text = str(add_hours) + ':' + str(minutes_to_add) + ' p.m.'
                    else:
                        if self.ids.toggle_am.state == 'down':
                            add_hours -= 12
                            self.ids.hora_final.text = str(add_hours) + ':' + str(minutes_to_add) + ' p.m.'
                        elif self.ids.toggle_pm.state == 'down':
                            add_hours -= 12
                            self.ids.hora_final.text = str(add_hours) + ':' + str(minutes_to_add) + ' a.m.'
                else:
                    self.ids.hora_final.text = str(add_hours) + ':' + str(minutes_to_add)
                    # Add a.m./p.m. to label depending on the toggle button selected
                    if self.ids.toggle_am.state == 'down':
                        self.ids.hora_final.text = self.ids.hora_final.text + ' a.m.'
                    elif self.ids.toggle_pm.state == 'down':
                        self.ids.hora_final.text = self.ids.hora_final.text + ' p.m.'

        if self.ids.duracion.text == '' or self.ids.duracion.text == 0:
            self.ids.hora_final.text = str(self.ids.hour_field.text) + ':' + str(self.ids.minute_field.text)
            if self.ids.toggle_am.state == 'down':
                self.ids.hora_final.text = self.ids.hora_final.text + ' a.m.'
            elif self.ids.toggle_pm.state == 'down':
                self.ids.hora_final.text = self.ids.hora_final.text + ' p.m.'

    def complete_registration(self):
        dash = MDApp.get_running_app().root.get_screen('dash')
        activity = MDApp.get_running_app().root.get_screen('ingActiv')
        if activity.ids.toggle_am.state == 'down':
            dash.ids.md_list.add_widget(
                SwipeToDeleteItem(text=f"{activity.ids.dropdown_Actividades.text}",
                                  secondary_text=f"{activity.ids.hour_field.text}:{activity.ids.minute_field.text} a.m."
                                                 f" - {activity.ids.hora_final.text}"))

        elif activity.ids.toggle_pm.state == 'down':
            dash.ids.md_list.add_widget(
                SwipeToDeleteItem(text=f"{activity.ids.dropdown_Actividades.text}",
                                  secondary_text=f"{activity.ids.hour_field.text}:{activity.ids.minute_field.text} p.m."
                                                 f" - {activity.ids.hora_final.text}"))
        dash.number_items_mdlist += 1
        dash.minutes_items_mdlist += int(activity.ids.duracion.text)
        dash.duracion_actividades_list.append(activity.ids.duracion.text)

        dash.ids.numero_actividades_dash.text = str(dash.number_items_mdlist)
        dash.ids.promedio_tiempo_actividades.text = str(round(int(dash.minutes_items_mdlist) /
                                                              int(dash.number_items_mdlist)))
        self.show_toast_activities()

    def show_toast_activities(self):
        toast("Actividad registrada con éxito")


# WINDOW MANAGER ################################
class WindowManager(ScreenManager):
    pass


# MAIN CLASS ################################
class ReproducibleExample(MDApp):
    enie = 'ñ'
    acento_A = 'Á'
    acento_a = 'á'
    acento_E = 'É'
    acento_e = 'é'
    acento_I = 'Í'
    acento_i = 'í'
    acento_O = 'Ó'
    acento_o = 'ó'
    acento_U = 'Ú'
    acento_u = 'ú'
    interrog_inic = '¿'

    def build(self):
        self.theme_cls.primary_palette = "Teal"
        return WindowManager()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    ReproducibleExample().run()

KV 文件：

<WindowManager>:
    id: screen_manager

    DashboardWindow:
        id: dash
        name:'dash'
    IngActivWindow:
        id: ingActiv
        name: 'ingActiv'

<DashboardWindow>:
    name: "dash"

    BoxLayout:
        orientation: 'vertical'

        MDCard:
            size_hint: (0.75, 0.8)
            pos_hint: {'center_x': 0.5, 'center_y': 0.44}
            orientation: 'vertical'
            padding: '15dp'
            spacing: '10dp'
            md_bg_color: [1, 1, 1, 0.75]
            radius: [16, ]
            MDRaisedButton:
                text: 'Next Page'
                on_release:
                    root.manager.current = 'ingActiv'
            MDLabel:
                text: 'Datos de Actividades y Cronograma'
                font_style: 'H5'
                valign: 'middle'
                size_hint: 1, 0.05

            MDBoxLayout:
                orientation: 'horizontal'
                padding: "10dp", 0, "10dp", "10dp"
                spacing: "10dp"
                size_hint: 1, 0.30
                MDCard:
                    size_hint: 0.9, 0.9
                    orientation: 'vertical'
                    padding: '15dp'
                    spacing: '15dp'
                    md_bg_color: [0.811, 0, 0.058, 0.7]
                    radius: [16, ]
                    MDLabel:
                        id: promedio_tiempo_actividades
                        text: "0"
                        theme_text_color: "Custom"
                        text_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
                        font_style: 'H1'
                        halign: 'center'
                        font_size: (root.width**2 + root.height**2) / 11**4
                    MDLabel:
                        text: "Tiempo promedio de actividades"
                        theme_text_color: "Custom"
                        text_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
                        font_style: 'Subtitle2'
                        halign: 'center'
                MDCard:
                    size_hint: 0.9, 0.9
                    orientation: 'vertical'
                    padding: '15dp'
                    spacing: '15dp'
                    md_bg_color: [0.121, .227, 0.576, 0.7]
                    radius: [16, ]
                    MDLabel:
                        id: numero_actividades_dash
                        text: "0"
                        theme_text_color: "Custom"
                        text_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
                        font_style: 'H1'
                        halign: 'center'
                        font_size: (root.width**2 + root.height**2) / 11**4
                    MDLabel:
                        text: 'N' + app.acento_u + 'mero de actividades realizadas'
                        theme_text_color: "Custom"
                        text_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
                        font_style: 'Subtitle2'
                        halign: 'center'

            MDBoxLayout:
                orientation: 'horizontal'
                padding: "10dp", 0, "10dp", "10dp"
                spacing: "10dp"
                size_hint: 1, 0.65

                MDCard:
                    orientation: 'vertical'
                    padding: '15dp'
                    spacing: '10dp'
                    md_bg_color: [0.419, .725, 0.941, 0.7]
                    radius: [16, ]
                    MDBoxLayout:
                        orientation: 'horizontal'
                        size_hint_y: 0.15
                        MDLabel:
                            text: "Cronograma del dia con Hora de Inicio y Final, Cliente, Actividad, y Resultado"
                            theme_text_color: "Custom"
                            text_color: 1, 1, 1, 1
                            font_style: 'Subtitle2'
                            halign: 'center'
                        TooltipMDIconButton:
                            icon: 'plus'
                            tooltip_text: 'Agregar actividad'
                            pos_hint: {"center_x": 0.5, "center_y": 0.5}
                            font_color: 0,0,0,1
                            on_press:
                                root.manager.current = 'ingActiv'
                                root.manager.transition.direction =  'left'
                    MDBoxLayout:
                        orientation: "vertical"
                        spacing: "10dp"
                        size_hint_y: 0.85
                        ScrollView:
                            scroll_timeout: 100
                            MDList:
                                id: md_list
                                padding: 0


### EXTRAS:  SWIPE AND DELETE ITEM ####################
<SwipeToDeleteItem>:
    size_hint_y: None
    height: content.height

    MDCardSwipeLayerBox:
        padding: "8dp"
        MDIconButton:
            icon: "trash-can"
            pos_hint: {"center_y": .5}
            on_release: root.remove_item(root)

    MDCardSwipeFrontBox:
        TwoLineListItem:
            id: content
            text: root.text
            secondary_text: root.secondary_text
            _no_ripple_effect: True
            max_opened_x: "50dp"

<IngActivWindow>:


##################### ACTIVIDADES REALIZADAS ############################################################

<IngActivWindow>:
    name: 'ingActiv'

    FloatLayout:
        cols:1

        MDCard:
            size_hint: 0.80,0.66
            pos_hint: {"center_x": 0.5, "center_y": 0.45}
            radius: [36, ]
            padding: '10dp'
            md_bg_color: [1, 1, 1, 0.85]

            ScrollView:
                MDGridLayout:
                    id: widget_container
                    cols:1
                    size_hint_y: None
                    height: self.minimum_height
                    padding: '15dp', '15dp', '15dp', '15dp'
                    spacing: '20dp'
                    adaptive_height: True

                    MDRaisedButton:
                        text: 'Next Page'
                        on_release:
                            root.manager.current = 'dash'
                    MDLabel:
                        id: tiempoActiv
                        text: "Hora y Tipo de Actividad"
                        pos_hint: {"center_x":0.5, "center_y": 0.5}
                        bold: 'True'
                        font_style: 'Button'
                        font_size: '18sp'
                    MDBoxLayout:
                        orientation: 'horizontal'
                        padding: "15dp", "10dp", "15dp", "5dp"
                        spacing: "10dp"
                        adaptive_height: True
                        size_hint: 1, None

                        MDTextField:
                            id: hour_field
                            hint_text: 'Hora'
                            helper_text: 'Max: 12'
                            helper_text_mode: 'on_focus'
                            input_filter: 'int'
                            write_tab: False
                            pos_hint: {"center_x":0.5, "center_y": 0.5}
                            size_hint_x: 0.2
                            on_text: root.format_hour()
                        MDTextField:
                            id: minute_field
                            hint_text: 'Minuto'
                            helper_text: 'Max: 59'
                            helper_text_mode: 'on_focus'
                            input_filter: 'int'
                            write_tab: False
                            pos_hint: {"center_x":0.5, "center_y": 0.5}
                            size_hint_x: 0.2
                            on_text: root.format_minute()
                        MyToggleButton:
                            id: toggle_am
                            text: "A.M."
                            group: "hora"
                            pos_hint: {"center_x":0.5, "center_y": 0.5}
                            on_press: root.format_am_pm()
                        MyToggleButton:
                            id: toggle_pm
                            text: "P.M."
                            group: "hora"
                            pos_hint: {"center_x":0.5, "center_y": 0.5}
                            on_press: root.format_am_pm()

                    # DURACIÓN DE ACTIVIDAD
                    MDBoxLayout:
                        orientation: 'horizontal'
                        padding: "15dp", "5dp", "15dp", "15dp"
                        spacing: "15dp"
                        adaptive_height: True
                        size_hint: 1, None

                        MDTextField:
                            pos_hint: {"x":0, "center_y": 0.5}
                            id: duracion
                            hint_text: 'Duraci' + app.acento_o + 'n de actividad'
                            helper_text: 'Duracion en minutos'
                            helper_text_mode: 'on_focus'
                            write_tab: False
                            input_filter: 'int'
                            size_hint_x: 0.45
                            on_text: root.calculate_final_time()
                        MDBoxLayout:
                            orientation: 'horizontal'
                            size_hint_x: 0.45
                            spacing: '15dp'
                            MDLabel:
                                text: 'Hora de termino:'
                                font_size: '12sp'
                                theme_text_color: "Custom"
                                text_color: 0, 0, 0, 0.50
                                halign: 'right'
                            MDLabel:
                                id: hora_final
                                text: ''
                                font_size: '16sp'
                                theme_text_color: "Custom"
                                text_color: 0, 0, 0, 0.50

                    # TIPO DE ACTIVIDAD
                    MDBoxLayout:
                        orientation: 'horizontal'
                        padding: "15dp", "5dp", "15dp", "5dp"
                        spacing: "5dp"
                        adaptive_height: True
                        size_hint: 1, None

                        MDTextField:
                            id: dropdown_Actividades
                            write_tab: False
                            size_hint: 1, None
                            pos_hint: {"x": 0, "center_y": 0.5}
                            icon_right: 'arrow-down-drop-circle-outline'
                            hint_text: 'Seleccionar Tipo de Actividad'
                            write_tab: False
                            valign: 'bottom'
                            enabled: False
                            on_focus: if self.focus: root.dropdown_activity()

                    MDSeparator:
                        height: "2dp"
                        MDRaisedButton:
                            text: "Registrar Actividad"
                            size_hint: None, None
                            pos_hint: {'center_x': 0.5, 'center_y': 0.5}
                            font_size: '19sp'
                            on_release:
                                root.complete_registration()

我希望我的解释很清楚。底线，如何获取 MDList 的索引？

提前非常感谢。

标签： pythonlistindexingkivykivymd

Answer 1

MDList可以使用的列表的index()方法来获取 中某项的索引。但是，这不会是您的 中相应元素的索引，因为小部件被插入到子列表的开头，并且您正在将值附加到持续时间列表。这是一种计算正确指数的方法：childrenMDListduracion_actividades_list

index = dash.number_items_mdlist - 1 - dash.ids.md_list.children.index(instance)

可能的简化可能是add_widget()通过将持续时间插入列表的开头来模仿行为。或者将持续时间保存在字典中，其中键是SwipeToDeleteItem实例。或者只是将持续时间保留为SwipeToDeleteItem.