首页 > 解决方案 > R如何使用回归处理NA值与删除值

问题描述

假设我有一张表,我删除了所有不适用的值,然后进行了回归。如果我在同一张表上运行完全相同的回归,但这次不是删除不适用的值,而是将它们变成 NA 值,回归是否仍会给我相同的系数?

标签: rregressionna

解决方案


回归将在进行分析之前忽略任何 NA 值(即删除包含NA任何预测变量或结果变量中缺失的任何行)。您可以通过比较两个模型的自由度和其他统计数据来检查这一点。

这是一个玩具示例:

head(mtcars)

# check the data set size (all non-missings)
dim(mtcars) # has 32 rows

# Introduce some missings
set.seed(5)
mtcars[sample(1:nrow(mtcars), 5), sample(1:ncol(mtcars), 5)] <- NA

head(mtcars)

# Create an alternative where all missings are omitted
mtcars_NA_omit <- na.omit(mtcars)

# Check the data set size again
dim(mtcars_NA_omit) # Now only has 27 rows

# Now compare some simple linear regressions
summary(lm(mpg ~ cyl + hp + am + gear, data = mtcars))
summary(lm(mpg ~ cyl + hp + am + gear, data = mtcars_NA_omit))

比较这两个摘要,您可以看到它们是相同的,除了第一个模型的一个例外,有一条警告消息,指出由于缺失而丢弃了 5 个 csa,这正是我们在mtcars_NA_omit示例中手动执行的操作。

# First, original model

Call:
lm(formula = mpg ~ cyl + hp + am + gear, data = mtcars)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-5.0835 -1.7594 -0.2023  1.4313  5.6948 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) 29.64284    7.02359   4.220 0.000352 ***
cyl         -1.04494    0.83565  -1.250 0.224275    
hp          -0.03913    0.01918  -2.040 0.053525 .  
am           4.02895    1.90342   2.117 0.045832 *  
gear         0.31413    1.48881   0.211 0.834833    
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 2.947 on 22 degrees of freedom
  (5 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared:  0.7998,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.7635 
F-statistic: 21.98 on 4 and 22 DF,  p-value: 2.023e-07

# Second model where we dropped missings manually    

Call:
lm(formula = mpg ~ cyl + hp + am + gear, data = mtcars_NA_omit)

Residuals:
    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max 
-5.0835 -1.7594 -0.2023  1.4313  5.6948 

Coefficients:
            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    
(Intercept) 29.64284    7.02359   4.220 0.000352 ***
cyl         -1.04494    0.83565  -1.250 0.224275    
hp          -0.03913    0.01918  -2.040 0.053525 .  
am           4.02895    1.90342   2.117 0.045832 *  
gear         0.31413    1.48881   0.211 0.834833    
---
Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Residual standard error: 2.947 on 22 degrees of freedom
Multiple R-squared:  0.7998,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.7635 
F-statistic: 21.98 on 4 and 22 DF,  p-value: 2.023e-07

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