首页 > 解决方案 > 修复“Node *”类型的空指针错误的加载

问题描述

我正在用 C 实现一个链表数据结构。下面是我的链表实现文件 ( llist.c )的当前函数

#include "llist.h"

// Frees all allocated memory associated with the list pointers iteratively
void deleteList(Node **list) {
    Node* ptr = *list;
    Node* temp;

    while(ptr != NULL) {
        free(ptr->data);
        temp = ptr;
        ptr=ptr->next;
        free(temp);
    }
}

// Frees all allocated memory associated with a single node

void deleteNode(Node **toDelete) {
    Node * del = *toDelete;
    free(del->data);
    free(del);
}

// Allocates memory for a new string and returns a pointer to the memory

Node *newNode(char *string) {
    unsigned long len = strlen(string);
    printf("length : %lu \n\n", len);

    Node *temp = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
    temp->data = (char*)malloc(len + 1*sizeof(char));
    strcpy(temp->data, string);
    temp->next = NULL;

    return temp;
}

// Removes a node from the front of a list

Node *pop(Node **list) {
    Node *newptr = (*list)->next;
    deleteNode(list);
    return newptr;
}

// Adds a node to the front of a list

void push(Node **list, Node *toAdd) {
    toAdd->next = *list;
    *list = toAdd;
}

// Return a list of pointers in order

void reverseOrder(Node **list) {
    Node* prev = NULL;
    Node* current = *list;
    Node* next;

    while (current != NULL) {
        next = current->next;  
        current->next = prev;
        prev = current;
        current = next;
    }

    *list = prev;
}

// Prints the string stored in a single node

void printNode(Node *singleNode) {
    printf("Data : %s", singleNode->data);
}

// Prints an entire linked list. Nodes are printed from first to last

void printLinkedList(Node *linkedList) {
    Node *temp = linkedList;
    
    while(temp!=NULL) {
        printf("Data : %s", temp->data);
        temp = temp->next;
    }
}

在我的驱动程序文件中测试实现时,我收到以下错误

运行时错误:加载类型为“Node *”(又名“struct listNode *”)的空指针摘要:UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer:undefined-behavior llist.c:49:19

其中第 49 行对应toAdd->next = *listllist.c文件中的

我正在努力弄清楚为什么会发生此错误,因为我正在使用适当的参数将我的推送函数调用到最初为空(NULL)的链表。

驱动程序文件 ( testllist.c ) 供参考:

#include "llist.h"

int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
    printf("argc: %d", argc);
    printf("\n\n");

    int num_inputs = argc;
    Node **list = NULL;

    if (argc == 1) {
        printf("No arguments passed.\n");
    } else {
        for (int i = 1; i < num_inputs; i++) {
            printf("String is: %s\n", argv[i]);
            Node *n = newNode(argv[i]);

            printf("String is : %s\n\n", argv[i]);

            push(list, n);

            printLinkedList(*list);
        }


        reverseOrder(list);
        pop(list);
        deleteList(list);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

定义节点数据类型和函数的头文件 ( llist.h )

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// The listNode data type for storing entries in a linked list
typedef struct listNode Node;
struct listNode {
char *data;
Node *next;
};

// Frees all allocated memory associated with the list pointers iteratively
void deleteList(Node **list);

// Frees all allocated memory associated with a single node
void deleteNode(Node **toDelete);

// Allocates memory for a new string and returns a pointer to the memory
Node *newNode(char *string);

// Removes a node from the front of a list and returns a pointer to said node
Node *pop(Node **list);

// Adds a node to the front of a list
void push(Node **list, Node *toAdd);

// Return a list of pointers in order
void reverseOrder(Node **list);

// Prints the string stored in a single node
void printNode(Node *singleNode);

// Prints an entire linked list. Nodes are printed from first to last
void printLinkedList(Node *linkedList);

标签: clinked-listpass-by-referencesingly-linked-listfunction-definition

解决方案


当您将指针列表初始化为空指针

Node **list = NULL;

那么在函数内push你不能取消引用这个指针

void push(Node **list, Node *toAdd) {
    toAdd->next = *list;
    *list = toAdd;
}

并且错误消息报告了这个问题。

你应该像这样声明指针

Node *list = NULL;

并将其传递给期望类型对象的函数,Node **例如

push( &list, n );

如果函数声明为

int push( Node **list, const char * );

也就是说,它应该报告新节点是否被成功推送,并且新节点的分配应该对调用该函数的用户隐藏。

请注意,例如该功能deleteNode没有多大意义。

void deleteList(Node **list) {
    Node* ptr = *list;
    Node* temp;

    while(ptr != NULL) {
        free(ptr->data);
        temp = ptr;
        ptr=ptr->next;
        free(temp);
    }
}

指向链表头节点的指针通过引用传递。但是在函数内,它的值没有改变。因此,在退出函数后,指向头节点的指针仍将具有其原始值。

该函数可以通过以下方式定义

void deleteList( Node **list ) 
{
    while ( *list != NULL )
    {
        Node *ptr = *list;
        *list = ( *list )->next;
        free( ptr->data );
        free( ptr );
    }
}

该函数pop不检查传递的指向链表头节点的指针是否等于 NULL。

Node *pop(Node **list) {
    Node *newptr = (*list)->next;
    deleteNode(list);
    return newptr;
}

它还返回一个指向列表中成为当前头节点的下一个节点的指针。但是返回的指针没有在 main 中使用

pop(list);

请注意,该表达式1 * sizeof( char )在此声明中用作初始化程序的表达式中没有意义

temp->data = (char*)malloc(len + 1*sizeof(char));

要么写

temp->data = (char*)malloc(len + 1);

或喜欢

temp->data = (char*)malloc( ( len + 1 )*sizeof(char));

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