首页 > 解决方案 > 当有多个字段分隔符时,使用 AWK 忽略字段中的逗号

问题描述

awk我想用或解析像下面这样的 CSV 记录gawk

字段由逗号分隔,但最后一个字段 ( $6) 是特殊的,因为它实际上由子字段组成。这些子字段由 # 分隔,作为字段分隔符(或者,准确地说是“.#”)。这本身不是问题:我可以awk -F'(,)|(. # )'用来设置替代字段分隔符。

但是,在最后一个字段中也有需要忽略的杂散逗号。

有没有办法解决这个问题awk,也许使用 FPAT?

样本记录:

  "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/3befa3c3-a9af-4dac-baa2-92e95cb6e3ab","http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/3befa3c3-a9af-4dac-baa2-92e95cb6e3ab.0002","EU:C:1985:443","61984CJ0239","Gerlach","Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 24 October 1985. # Gerlach & Co. BV, Internationale Expeditie, v Minister van Economische Zaken. # Reference for a preliminary ruling: College van Beroep voor het Bedrijfsleven - Netherlands. # Article 41 ECSC - Anti-dumping duties. # Case 239/84."

标签: regexcsvawk

解决方案


使用FPAT中的功能gnu-awk,您也许可以做到这一点。我们使用FPAT匹配所有双引号字段或逗号分隔的字段。/\. # /最后,我们使用正则表达式模式分割最后一个字段。

s='"http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/3befa3c3-a9af-4dac-baa2-92e95cb6e3ab","http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/3befa3c3-a9af-4dac-baa2-92e95cb6e3ab.0002","EU:C:1985:443","61984CJ0239","Gerlach","Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 24 October 1985. # Gerlach & Co. BV, Internationale Expeditie, v Minister van Economische Zaken. # Reference for a preliminary ruling: College van Beroep voor het Bedrijfsleven - Netherlands. # Article 41 ECSC - Anti-dumping duties. # Case 239/84."'

awk -v FPAT='"[^"]*"|[^,]+' '{
   # loop through all fields except last one
   for (i=1; i<NF; ++i)
      print i, $i
   # split last field using /\. # / regex and print each token
   for (j=1; j<split($NF, a, /\. # /); ++j)
      print i+j-1, a[j]
}' <<< "$s"

1 "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/3befa3c3-a9af-4dac-baa2-92e95cb6e3ab"
2 "http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/3befa3c3-a9af-4dac-baa2-92e95cb6e3ab.0002"
3 "EU:C:1985:443"
4 "61984CJ0239"
5 "Gerlach"
6 "Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 24 October 1985
7 Gerlach & Co. BV, Internationale Expeditie, v Minister van Economische Zaken
8 Reference for a preliminary ruling: College van Beroep voor het Bedrijfsleven - Netherlands
9 Article 41 ECSC - Anti-dumping duties

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