java - IllegalState 无法加载 ApplicationCon
问题描述
我在后端弄湿了 2 或 3 天。我决定使用 Spring，但是当我尝试使用命令行“mvn package”构建时遇到以下错误：
[ERROR] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 4.393 s <<< FAILURE! - in com.example.demo.DemoApplicationTests
[ERROR] contextLoads Time elapsed: 0.001 s <<< ERROR!
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreException: Failed to read candidate component class: file [C:\dev\demo\target\classes
\com\example\demo\DemoApplication.class]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException: Error loading class [co
m.example.demo.DemoApplication] for bean with name 'demoApplication' defined in file [C:\dev\demo\target\classes\com\example\demo\DemoApplication.cla
ss]: problem with class file or dependent class; nested exception is java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: com/example/demo/DemoApplication has bee
n compiled by a more recent version of the Java Runtime (class file version 55.0), this version of the Java Runtime only recognizes class file versio
ns up to 52.0
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException: Error loading class [com.example.demo.DemoApplication] for bean with name
'demoApplication' defined in file [C:\dev\demo\target\classes\com\example\demo\DemoApplication.class]: problem with class file or dependent class; ne
sted exception is java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: com/example/demo/DemoApplication has been compiled by a more recent version of the Java Run
time (class file version 55.0), this version of the Java Runtime only recognizes class file versions up to 52.0
Caused by: java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: com/example/demo/DemoApplication has been compiled by a more recent version of the Java Runtime (c
lass file version 55.0), this version of the Java Runtime only recognizes class file versions up to 52.0
[INFO]
[INFO] Results:
[INFO]
[ERROR] Errors:
[ERROR] DemoApplicationTests.contextLoads » IllegalState Failed to load ApplicationCon...
[INFO]
[ERROR] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 11.347 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-03-12T15:19:33+03:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.22.2:test (default-test) on project demo: There are test failures.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] Please refer to C:\dev\demo\target\surefire-reports for the individual test results.
[ERROR] Please refer to dump files (if any exist) [date].dump, [date]-jvmRun[N].dump and [date].dumpstream.
[ERROR] -> [Help 1]
[ERROR]
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR]
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoFailureException**
DemoApplication.java 如下所示：
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.*;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
@RestController
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class DemoApplication {
@RequestMapping("/")
String home() {
return "Hello World!";
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
DemoApplicationTests.java 如下所示：
package com.example.demo;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
@SpringBootTest
@SpringBootApplication
class DemoApplicationTests {
@Test
void contextLoads() {
}
}
这是我的 pom.xml 文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.4.3</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>demo</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.6</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.3</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
项目目录如下所示：
C:.
├───.idea
│ ├───codeStyles
│ └───libraries
├───.mvn
│ └───wrapper
├───src
│ ├───main
│ │ ├───java
│ │ │ └───com
│ │ │ └───example
│ │ │ └───demo
│ │ └───resources
│ └───test
│ └───java
│ └───com
│ └───example
│ └───demo
└───target
├───classes
│ └───com
│ └───example
│ └───demo
├───generated-sources
│ └───annotations
├───generated-test-sources
│ └───test-annotations
├───maven-status
│ └───maven-compiler-plugin
│ ├───compile
│ │ └───default-compile
│ └───testCompile
│ └───default-testCompile
├───surefire-reports
└───test-classes
└───com
└───example
└───demo
我的java版本：
openjdk version "1.8.0_275"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_275-b01)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.275-b01, mixed mode)
我对Maven和Spring不太了解。如果你能清楚地展示出来，那就太好了。
解决方案
根据共享代码片段，您正在使用 @SpringBootApplication 注释做两件事。
- 您没有在主方法类（DemoApplication.java）上使用 @SpringBootApplication 。所以在类 DemoApplication.java 上添加 @SpringBootApplication 注解
- 您正在使用@SpringbootTest在测试类（DemoApplicationTests）上使用@SpringBootApplication，因此请从DemoApplicationTests.java 中删除@SpringBootApplication。