python - 无法将符号张量 (sequential/lstm/strided_slice:0) 转换为 numpy 数组。在 MacBook Pro M1 上使用 TensorFlow 时出现问题
问题描述
在尝试使用 LSTM 层运行这个简单的神经网络程序来预测股票价格后,我遇到了以下错误
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NotImplementedError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-15-47761426ea46> in <module>
1 # Fitting the RNN to the Training set
----> 2 model.fit(X_train, Y_train, epochs=1)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/training.py in fit(self, x, y, batch_size, epochs, verbose, callbacks, validation_split, validation_data, shuffle, class_weight, sample_weight, initial_epoch, steps_per_epoch, validation_steps, validation_batch_size, validation_freq, max_queue_size, workers, use_multiprocessing)
1098 _r=1):
1099 callbacks.on_train_batch_begin(step)
-> 1100 tmp_logs = self.train_function(iterator)
1101 if data_handler.should_sync:
1102 context.async_wait()
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/def_function.py in __call__(self, *args, **kwds)
826 tracing_count = self.experimental_get_tracing_count()
827 with trace.Trace(self._name) as tm:
--> 828 result = self._call(*args, **kwds)
829 compiler = "xla" if self._experimental_compile else "nonXla"
830 new_tracing_count = self.experimental_get_tracing_count()
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/def_function.py in _call(self, *args, **kwds)
869 # This is the first call of __call__, so we have to initialize.
870 initializers = []
--> 871 self._initialize(args, kwds, add_initializers_to=initializers)
872 finally:
873 # At this point we know that the initialization is complete (or less
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/def_function.py in _initialize(self, args, kwds, add_initializers_to)
723 self._graph_deleter = FunctionDeleter(self._lifted_initializer_graph)
724 self._concrete_stateful_fn = (
--> 725 self._stateful_fn._get_concrete_function_internal_garbage_collected( # pylint: disable=protected-access
726 *args, **kwds))
727
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/function.py in _get_concrete_function_internal_garbage_collected(self, *args, **kwargs)
2967 args, kwargs = None, None
2968 with self._lock:
-> 2969 graph_function, _ = self._maybe_define_function(args, kwargs)
2970 return graph_function
2971
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/function.py in _maybe_define_function(self, args, kwargs)
3359
3360 self._function_cache.missed.add(call_context_key)
-> 3361 graph_function = self._create_graph_function(args, kwargs)
3362 self._function_cache.primary[cache_key] = graph_function
3363
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/function.py in _create_graph_function(self, args, kwargs, override_flat_arg_shapes)
3194 arg_names = base_arg_names + missing_arg_names
3195 graph_function = ConcreteFunction(
-> 3196 func_graph_module.func_graph_from_py_func(
3197 self._name,
3198 self._python_function,
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/func_graph.py in func_graph_from_py_func(name, python_func, args, kwargs, signature, func_graph, autograph, autograph_options, add_control_dependencies, arg_names, op_return_value, collections, capture_by_value, override_flat_arg_shapes)
988 _, original_func = tf_decorator.unwrap(python_func)
989
--> 990 func_outputs = python_func(*func_args, **func_kwargs)
991
992 # invariant: `func_outputs` contains only Tensors, CompositeTensors,
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/eager/def_function.py in wrapped_fn(*args, **kwds)
632 xla_context.Exit()
633 else:
--> 634 out = weak_wrapped_fn().__wrapped__(*args, **kwds)
635 return out
636
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/func_graph.py in wrapper(*args, **kwargs)
975 except Exception as e: # pylint:disable=broad-except
976 if hasattr(e, "ag_error_metadata"):
--> 977 raise e.ag_error_metadata.to_exception(e)
978 else:
979 raise
NotImplementedError: in user code:
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/training.py:805 train_function *
return step_function(self, iterator)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/training.py:795 step_function **
outputs = model.distribute_strategy.run(run_step, args=(data,))
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/distribute/distribute_lib.py:1259 run
return self._extended.call_for_each_replica(fn, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/distribute/distribute_lib.py:2730 call_for_each_replica
return self._call_for_each_replica(fn, args, kwargs)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/distribute/distribute_lib.py:3417 _call_for_each_replica
return fn(*args, **kwargs)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/training.py:788 run_step **
outputs = model.train_step(data)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/training.py:754 train_step
y_pred = self(x, training=True)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/base_layer.py:1007 __call__
outputs = call_fn(inputs, *args, **kwargs)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/sequential.py:389 call
outputs = layer(inputs, **kwargs)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/layers/recurrent.py:660 __call__
return super(RNN, self).__call__(inputs, **kwargs)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/base_layer.py:1007 __call__
outputs = call_fn(inputs, *args, **kwargs)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/layers/recurrent_v2.py:1163 call
inputs, initial_state, _ = self._process_inputs(inputs, initial_state, None)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/layers/recurrent.py:859 _process_inputs
initial_state = self.get_initial_state(inputs)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/layers/recurrent.py:642 get_initial_state
init_state = get_initial_state_fn(
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/layers/recurrent.py:2506 get_initial_state
return list(_generate_zero_filled_state_for_cell(
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/layers/recurrent.py:2987 _generate_zero_filled_state_for_cell
return _generate_zero_filled_state(batch_size, cell.state_size, dtype)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/layers/recurrent.py:3003 _generate_zero_filled_state
return nest.map_structure(create_zeros, state_size)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/util/nest.py:659 map_structure
structure[0], [func(*x) for x in entries],
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/util/nest.py:659 <listcomp>
structure[0], [func(*x) for x in entries],
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/layers/recurrent.py:3000 create_zeros
return array_ops.zeros(init_state_size, dtype=dtype)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/util/dispatch.py:201 wrapper
return target(*args, **kwargs)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/array_ops.py:2819 wrapped
tensor = fun(*args, **kwargs)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/array_ops.py:2868 zeros
output = _constant_if_small(zero, shape, dtype, name)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/array_ops.py:2804 _constant_if_small
if np.prod(shape) < 1000:
<__array_function__ internals>:5 prod
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/core/fromnumeric.py:3030 prod
return _wrapreduction(a, np.multiply, 'prod', axis, dtype, out,
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/numpy/core/fromnumeric.py:87 _wrapreduction
return ufunc.reduce(obj, axis, dtype, out, **passkwargs)
/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniforge/base/envs/tensorflowenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/ops.py:852 __array__
raise NotImplementedError(
NotImplementedError: Cannot convert a symbolic Tensor (sequential/lstm/strided_slice:0) to a numpy array. This error may indicate that you're trying to pass a Tensor to a NumPy call, which is not supported
此错误发生在以下程序中:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
# In[1]:
# Import General Libraries
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd
# In[2]:
# Import the Training DataSet
training_dataset = pd.read_csv('/Users/frisodekruiff/Downloads/Archive/AAPL.csv')
training_set = training_dataset.iloc[:,1:-1].values
# In[3]:
# Importing sklearn
from sklearn.preprocessing import MinMaxScaler
# Feature Scaling
sc = MinMaxScaler(feature_range = (0, 1))
training_set_scaled = sc.fit_transform(training_set)
print(training_set_scaled)
# In[4]:
# Creating Data Structure with 252 Data Points and 1 answer
X_train = []
Y_train = []
for i in range(252,len(training_set)):
X_train.append(training_set_scaled[i - 252:i,0])
Y_train.append(training_set_scaled[i,0])
X_train, Y_train = np.array(X_train), np.array(Y_train)
# In[5]:
# Reshaping
X_train = np.reshape(X_train, (X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[1], 1))
# In[6]:
# Importing Tensorflow and Keras
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow import keras
# In[7]:
# Importing Keras Libraries
from keras import models
from keras import layers
# In[8]:
# Initializing the RNN
model = keras.Sequential()
# In[9]:
# Adding the First Layer
model.add(layers.LSTM(128, return_sequences = True))
# Adding First Dropout
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.2))
# In[10]:
# Adding the Second Layer
model.add(layers.LSTM(64))
# Adding Second Dropout
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.2))
# In[11]:
# Adding the Third Layer
model.add(layers.LSTM(32))
# Adding Third Dropout
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.2))
# In[12]:
# Adding the Fourth Layer
model.add(layers.LSTM(16))
# Adding Fourth Dropout
model.add(layers.Dropout(0.2))
# In[13]:
# Adding Output Layer
model.add(layers.Dense(units = 10))
# In[14]:
# Compiling the RNN
model.compile(optimizer = 'adam', loss = 'mean_squared_error')
# In[15]:
# Fitting the RNN to the Training set
model.fit(X_train, Y_train, epochs=1)
# In[ ]:
model.summary()
在 model.fit 命令之后发生错误的位置。我一直在研究这个错误,到目前为止我发现它可能是我使用的 numpy 版本的问题,但是我不确定情况是否如此,我也不确定如何更改它。我已经使用 New Phase 的视频从苹果 M1 的 GitHub 存储库安装了 tensorflow 包,链接如下:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykCY_tJbhNw
由于有很多关于如何在 Mac M1 上安装 tensorflow 的在线教程,而且到目前为止我也尝试了很多但没有取得多大成功,我并不完全相信安装过程是否成功/正确。有人可以指出我解决这个问题的正确方向吗?
解决方案
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