python - 实时音频图

Question

我正在尝试使用 python 和 matplotlib 绘制麦克风语音（实时）。

这是我所做的：

文件：chart_1.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib import dates as mpl_dates
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation
from pydub import AudioSegment
import numpy as np
import datetime

import pyaudio

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        # constants
        self.CHUNK = int(16384/4)
        self.CHUNK_TIME = 125 #msec
        self.FORMAT = pyaudio.paInt16
        self.CHANNELS = 1
        self.RATE = 32750
        
        self.p = pyaudio.PyAudio()
    
    
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(630, 200)
        sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed)
        sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(MainWindow.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
        MainWindow.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
        MainWindow.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 200))
        MainWindow.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(16777215, 200))
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.verticalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
        self.verticalLayout.setSpacing(0)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        
        self.chart = Canvas(self)
        self.chart.ax.set_facecolor((1,1,1))
        self.chart.ax.tick_params(labelcolor='white')
        
        self.stream = self.p.open(format=self.FORMAT,channels=self.CHANNELS,rate=self.RATE,input=True,output=True,frames_per_buffer=self.CHUNK)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "Microphone chart"))
        
    def plot_microphone_data(self):
        now = datetime.datetime.now()
        self.x_vals = []
        self.y_vals = []
        while(True):
            data = self.stream.read(self.CHUNK)
            #slice = AudioSegment(data, sample_width=2, frame_rate=self.RATE, channels=1)
            #print(len(slice))
            #print(len(slice.raw_data))
            self.stream.write(data)
            
            audio_data = np.frombuffer(data, np.int16)
            
            self.chart.li.set_xdata(np.arange(len(audio_data)))
            self.chart.li.set_ydata(audio_data)
            
            self.chart.fig.canvas.draw()
            self.chart.fig.canvas.flush_events()
        

class Canvas(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self,parent):
        self.fig , self.ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,4),dpi=200)
        self.fig.patch.set_facecolor((6/255,21/255,154/255))
        
        self.ax.set_position([0., 0, 1., 0.8])
        self.ax.xaxis.tick_top()
        self.ax.tick_params(color=(1,1,1))
        
        super().__init__(self.fig)
        
        parent.verticalLayout.addWidget(self)
        
        plt.cla()
        
        plt.xticks(fontsize=5)
        self.ax.grid(False)
        
        self.li, = self.ax.plot([], [])
        self.ax.set_xlim(0,1000)
        self.ax.set_ylim(-8000,8000)
        
        self.show()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    ui.plot_microphone_data()
    
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

效果很好，但在 x 轴上没有时间，所以我制作了文件chart_2.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib import dates as mpl_dates
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation
from pydub import AudioSegment
import numpy as np
import datetime

import pyaudio

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        # constants
        self.CHUNK = int(16384/4)
        self.CHUNK_TIME = 125 #msec
        self.FORMAT = pyaudio.paInt16
        self.CHANNELS = 1
        self.RATE = 32750
        
        self.TIME_WINDOW = 3000 #display 3 seconds on chart
        
        self.p = pyaudio.PyAudio()
    
    
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(630, 200)
        sizePolicy = QtWidgets.QSizePolicy(QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Expanding, QtWidgets.QSizePolicy.Fixed)
        sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
        sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(MainWindow.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
        MainWindow.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
        MainWindow.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(0, 200))
        MainWindow.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(16777215, 200))
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.verticalLayout.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
        self.verticalLayout.setSpacing(0)
        self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        
        self.chart = Canvas(self)
        self.chart.ax.set_facecolor((1,1,1))
        self.chart.ax.tick_params(labelcolor='white')
        
        
        
        self.stream = self.p.open(format=self.FORMAT,channels=self.CHANNELS,rate=self.RATE,input=True,output=True,frames_per_buffer=self.CHUNK,stream_callback=self.microphone_callback)
        self.x_vals = np.array([])
        self.y_vals = np.array([])
        self.now = datetime.datetime.now()
        self.stream.start_stream()

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "Microphone chart"))
        
    def microphone_callback(self,in_data, frame_count, time_info, status):
        data = in_data
        #slice = AudioSegment(data, sample_width=2, frame_rate=self.RATE, channels=1)
        #print(len(slice))
        #print(len(slice.raw_data))
        
        
        audio_data = np.frombuffer(data, np.int16)
        time_data = np.array([])
        for i in range(0,len(audio_data)):
            time_data = np.append(time_data, self.now)
            self.now = self.now+datetime.timedelta(milliseconds=self.CHUNK_TIME/len(audio_data))
        
        self.x_vals = np.concatenate((self.x_vals, time_data), axis=0)
        self.y_vals = np.concatenate((self.y_vals, audio_data), axis=0)
        
        if(self.x_vals.size>audio_data.size*(self.TIME_WINDOW/self.CHUNK_TIME)):
            self.x_vals = self.x_vals[audio_data.size:]
            self.y_vals = self.y_vals[audio_data.size:]
        
        self.chart.li.set_xdata(self.x_vals)
        self.chart.li.set_ydata(self.y_vals)
        
        x_ticks = []
        for i in range(0,self.TIME_WINDOW+1,1000):
            tick = self.x_vals[0]+datetime.timedelta(milliseconds=i)
            x_ticks.append(tick)
        plt.xticks(x_ticks)
        self.chart.ax.set_xlim(x_ticks[0],x_ticks[-1])
        
        self.chart.fig.canvas.draw()
        self.chart.fig.canvas.flush_events()
        
        return (data, pyaudio.paContinue)

        

class Canvas(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self,parent):
        self.fig , self.ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(5,4),dpi=200)
        self.fig.patch.set_facecolor((6/255,21/255,154/255))
        
        self.ax.set_position([0., 0, 1., 0.8])
        self.ax.xaxis.tick_top()
        self.ax.tick_params(color=(1,1,1))
        
        super().__init__(self.fig)
        
        parent.verticalLayout.addWidget(self)

        self.now = datetime.datetime.now()
        self.chart_stop = self.now+datetime.timedelta(milliseconds=parent.TIME_WINDOW)
        
        plt.cla()
        
        date_format = mpl_dates.DateFormatter("%H:%M:%S")
        plt.gca().xaxis.set_major_formatter(date_format)
        
        plt.xticks(fontsize=5)
        self.ax.grid(False)
        
        self.li, = self.ax.plot([], [])
        
        self.ax.set_ylim(-8000,8000)
        
        x_ticks = []
        for i in range(0,parent.TIME_WINDOW+1,1000):
            tick = self.now+datetime.timedelta(milliseconds=i)
            x_ticks.append(tick)
        plt.xticks(x_ticks)
        self.ax.set_xlim(x_ticks[0],x_ticks[-1])
        
        self.show()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()   
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

图 2 在上 x 轴上有时间，但存在一些延迟问题。你能建议我解决这个问题吗？

标签： pythonmatplotlibpyqt5microphone