c++ - 标识符语法错误、缺少分号、缺少类型说明符等

Question

我对 C++ 相当陌生。目前我正在努力应对无数的编译器错误。我找不到根本原因，也无法理解为什么/如何调用它们。我也想知道将来如何避免或更好地处理这种情况。

这是针对我正在编写的解释器的，尽管我只完成了垃圾收集/变量处理部分。

垃圾.h

#pragma once

#ifndef GARBAGE
#define GARBAGE

#include <stack>
#include "value.h"
#include "runtime.h"

class garbage_collector {
public:
    garbage_collector();
    ~garbage_collector();

    //initializes a new garbage collection frame
    void new_frame();

    //creates a new variable apartment within the garbage collector
    variable_apartment* new_apartment(value* initial_value, bool reference_once=false);

    //de-allocates unused variable appartments within the current garbage collection frame
    unsigned int sweep();
private:
    unsigned int size;
    variable_apartment* head;
    variable_apartment* tail;
    std::stack<variable_apartment*> sweep_frames;
};

#endif // !GARBAGE

垃圾文件

#include "garbage.h"

garbage_collector::garbage_collector() {
    this->size = 0;
    this->head = nullptr;
    this->sweep_frames = std::stack<variable_apartment*>();
}

garbage_collector::~garbage_collector() {
    while (size > 0)
    {
        sweep();
    }
}

void garbage_collector::new_frame() {
    this->sweep_frames.push(tail);
}

variable_apartment* garbage_collector::new_apartment(value* initial_value, bool reference_once) {
    if (size == 0) {
        size++;
        return (tail = (head = new variable_apartment(initial_value, reference_once ? 1 : 0)));
    }
    else {
        size++;
        tail->next_apartment = new variable_apartment(initial_value, reference_once ? 1 : 0);
        tail = tail->next_apartment;
        return tail;
    }
}

unsigned int garbage_collector::sweep() {
    unsigned int destroyed_values = 0;
    variable_apartment* current = sweep_frames.empty() ? head : sweep_frames.top()->next_apartment;
    variable_apartment* previous = sweep_frames.empty() ? nullptr : sweep_frames.top();
    while (current != nullptr)
    {
        if (current->references == 0) {
            variable_apartment* to_delete = current;
            current = current->next_apartment;
            if (previous == nullptr)
                head = current;
            else
                previous->next_apartment = current;
            delete to_delete;
            size--;
            destroyed_values++;
        }
        else {
            previous = current;
            current = current->next_apartment;
        }
    }
    if (!sweep_frames.empty())
        sweep_frames.pop();
    return destroyed_values;
}

运行时.h

#pragma once

#ifndef RUNTIME_H
#define RUNTIME_H

#include "value.h"
#include "garbage.h"

//handles initialization and disposal of all program values

class variable_apartment {
public:
    value* value;
    unsigned int references;
    variable_apartment(class value* value, unsigned int references = 0, variable_apartment* next_apartment = nullptr);
    ~variable_apartment();
    variable_apartment* next_apartment;
};

class variable_bucket {
public:
    unsigned long id_hash;
    variable_apartment* apartment;
    variable_bucket(unsigned long id_hash, variable_apartment* apartment, variable_bucket* next_bucket = nullptr);
    variable_bucket* next_bucket;
};

#define VARIABLE_HASH_BUCKET_SIZE 200

class variable_manager {
public:
    variable_manager(garbage_collector* garbage_collector);
    ~variable_manager();
    variable_apartment* declare_var(unsigned long id_hash, value* value);
    void remove_var(unsigned long id_hash);
private:
    unsigned int size;
    garbage_collector* garbage_collector;
    variable_bucket* hash_buckets[VARIABLE_HASH_BUCKET_SIZE];
};

#endif // !RUNTIME_H

运行时.cpp

#include "runtime.h"
#include "errors.h"
#include "hash.h"

variable_apartment::variable_apartment(class value* value, unsigned int references, variable_apartment* next_apartment) {
    this->value = value;
    this->references = references;
    this->next_apartment = next_apartment;
}

variable_apartment::~variable_apartment() {
    delete value;
}

variable_bucket::variable_bucket(unsigned long id_hash, variable_apartment* apartment, variable_bucket* next_bucket) {
    this->id_hash = id_hash;
    this->apartment = apartment;
    this->next_bucket = next_bucket;
}

variable_manager::variable_manager(class garbage_collector* garbage_collector) {
    this->size = 0;
    this->garbage_collector = garbage_collector;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < VARIABLE_HASH_BUCKET_SIZE; i++)
    {
        hash_buckets[i] = nullptr;
    }
}

variable_manager::~variable_manager() {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < VARIABLE_HASH_BUCKET_SIZE; i++)
    {
        if (hash_buckets[i] != nullptr) {
            variable_bucket* current = hash_buckets[i];
            while (current != nullptr)
            {
                variable_bucket* to_delete = current;
                to_delete->apartment--;
                delete to_delete;
                current = current->next_bucket;
            }
        }
    }
}

variable_apartment* variable_manager::declare_var(unsigned long id_hash, value* value) {
    variable_bucket* bucket = hash_buckets[id_hash % VARIABLE_HASH_BUCKET_SIZE];
    variable_bucket* parent = nullptr;
    while (bucket != nullptr) {
        if (bucket->id_hash == id_hash)
            throw ERROR_VARIABLE_ALREADY_DEFINED;
        parent = bucket;
        bucket = bucket->next_bucket;
    }
    if (parent == nullptr)
        return (hash_buckets[id_hash % VARIABLE_HASH_BUCKET_SIZE] = new variable_bucket(id_hash, garbage_collector->new_apartment(value, true)))->apartment;
    else
        return (parent->next_bucket = new variable_bucket(id_hash, garbage_collector->new_apartment(value, true)))->apartment;
}

void variable_manager::remove_var(unsigned long id_hash) {
    variable_bucket* bucket = hash_buckets[id_hash % VARIABLE_HASH_BUCKET_SIZE];
    variable_bucket* parent = nullptr;
    while (bucket != nullptr)
    {
        if (bucket->id_hash == id_hash) {
            break;
        }
        parent = bucket;
        bucket = bucket->next_bucket;
    }
    if (bucket == nullptr)
        throw ERROR_VARIABLE_NOT_DEFINED;
    if (parent == nullptr)
        hash_buckets[id_hash % VARIABLE_HASH_BUCKET_SIZE] = bucket->next_bucket;
    else
        parent->next_bucket = bucket->next_bucket;
    bucket->apartment->references--;
    delete bucket;
}

value.h，虽然我认为这部分没有任何实际错误。

#pragma once

#ifndef VALUE_H
#define VALUE_H

#define VALUE_TYPE_NULL 0
#define VALUE_TYPE_CHAR 1
#define VALUE_TYPE_NUMERICAL 2
#define VALUE_TYPE_COLLECTION 3

class value {
public:
    char type;
    void* ptr;
    value(const value& value);
    value(char type, void* ptr);
    ~value();
};

class collection {
public:
    unsigned long size;
    value** inner_collection;
    collection(const collection& collection);
    collection(unsigned long size);
    ~collection();
};

#endif // !VALUE_H

价值.cpp

#include "errors.h"
#include "value.h"
#include "runtime.h"

#define MAX_VALUE_TYPE 3

value::value(const value& value) {
    this->type = value.type;
    switch (this->type)
    {
    case VALUE_TYPE_NULL:
        this->ptr = nullptr;
        break;
    case VALUE_TYPE_CHAR:
        this->ptr = new char(*(char*)value.ptr);
        break;
    case VALUE_TYPE_NUMERICAL:
        this->ptr = new double(*(double*)value.ptr);
        break;
    case VALUE_TYPE_COLLECTION:
        this->ptr = new double(*(double*)value.ptr);
        break;
    default:
        throw ERROR_INVALID_VALUE_TYPE;
    }
}

value::value(char type, void* ptr) {
    if (type > MAX_VALUE_TYPE) {
        throw ERROR_INVALID_VALUE_TYPE;
    }
    this->type = type;
    this->ptr = ptr;
}

value::~value() {
    switch (this->type)
    {
    case VALUE_TYPE_CHAR:
        delete ((char*)this->ptr);
        break;
    case VALUE_TYPE_NUMERICAL:
        delete ((double*)this->ptr);
        break;
    case VALUE_TYPE_COLLECTION:
        delete ((collection*)this->ptr);
        break;
    default:
        throw ERROR_INVALID_VALUE_TYPE;
    }
}

collection::collection(const collection& collection) {
    this->size = collection.size;
    this->inner_collection = new value * [this->size];
    for (unsigned long i = 0; i < collection.size; i++)
    {
        this->inner_collection[i] = collection.inner_collection[i];
    }
}

collection::collection(unsigned long size) {
    this->size = size;
    this->inner_collection = new value * [size];
}

collection::~collection() {
    delete this->inner_collection;
}

这是我得到的 41 个编译器错误

Severity    Code    Description Project File    Line    Suppression State
Error   C2061   syntax error: identifier 'garbage_collector'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\runtime.h   32  
Error   C2143   syntax error: missing ';' before '*'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\runtime.h   38  
Error   C4430   missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\runtime.h   38  
Error   C2238   unexpected token(s) preceding ';'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\runtime.h   38  
Error   C2143   syntax error: missing ';' before '*'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   19  
Error   C4430   missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   19  
Error   C2238   unexpected token(s) preceding ';'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   19  
Error   C2143   syntax error: missing ';' before '*'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   25  
Error   C4430   missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   25  
Error   C2238   unexpected token(s) preceding ';'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   25  
Error   C2143   syntax error: missing ';' before '*'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   26  
Error   C4430   missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   26  
Error   C2238   unexpected token(s) preceding ';'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   26  
Error   C2065   'variable_apartment': undeclared identifier quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   27  
Error   C2059   syntax error: '>'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   27  
Error   C2039   'new_apartment': is not a member of 'garbage_collector' quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\runtime.cpp 56  
Error   C2664   'variable_bucket::variable_bucket(const variable_bucket &)': cannot convert argument 1 from 'unsigned long' to 'const variable_bucket &'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\runtime.cpp 56  
Error   C2039   'new_apartment': is not a member of 'garbage_collector' quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\runtime.cpp 58  
Error   C2664   'variable_bucket::variable_bucket(const variable_bucket &)': cannot convert argument 1 from 'unsigned long' to 'const variable_bucket &'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\runtime.cpp 58  
Error   C2143   syntax error: missing ';' before '*'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   19  
Error   C4430   missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   19  
Error   C2238   unexpected token(s) preceding ';'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   19  
Error   C2143   syntax error: missing ';' before '*'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   25  
Error   C4430   missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   25  
Error   C2238   unexpected token(s) preceding ';'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   25  
Error   C2143   syntax error: missing ';' before '*'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   26  
Error   C4430   missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   26  
Error   C2238   unexpected token(s) preceding ';'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   26  
Error   C2065   'variable_apartment': undeclared identifier quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   27  
Error   C2059   syntax error: '>'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   27  
Error   C2143   syntax error: missing ';' before '*'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   19  
Error   C4430   missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   19  
Error   C2238   unexpected token(s) preceding ';'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   19  
Error   C2143   syntax error: missing ';' before '*'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   25  
Error   C4430   missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   25  
Error   C2238   unexpected token(s) preceding ';'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   25  
Error   C2143   syntax error: missing ';' before '*'    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   26  
Error   C4430   missing type specifier - int assumed. Note: C++ does not support default-int    quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   26  
Error   C2238   unexpected token(s) preceding ';'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   26  
Error   C2065   'variable_apartment': undeclared identifier quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   27  
Error   C2059   syntax error: '>'   quickscript C:\Users\Micha\source\repos\quickscript\quickscript\garbage.h   27  

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