ruby - Windows：安装 pg gem 失败，出现“找不到 PostgreSQL 客户端库 (libpq)”和“未定义对 `PQconnectdb' 的引用”
问题描述
我在 Windows 10 上安装 pg gem 时遇到了麻烦。
我环顾四周，并能够处理第一组错误，但现在我遇到了下面显示的错误。
我发现的大多数答案都是针对 Linux 和 OSX 的，通常围绕着安装 libpq-dev，而我在 Windows 上找不到。鉴于我已经克服了最初丢失的 libpq-fe.h 错误，我假设所需的开发文件已经包含在 Windows 安装程序中。
我尝试了多种方式指定文件夹/lib 位置，包括：
gem install pg -v '1.1' -- --with-pg-dir="C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\13" --with-pq-dir="C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\13"
和
gem install pg -v '1.1' -- --with-pg-config="C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\13\bin\pg_config.exe"
但似乎两者都不起作用。有什么建议么？
附加信息：
控制台输出
Temporarily enhancing PATH for MSYS/MINGW...
Building native extensions with: '--with-pg-config=C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\13\bin\pg_config.exe'
This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing pg:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
current directory: C:/Ruby30/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/pg-1.1.0/ext
C:/Ruby30/bin/ruby.exe -I C:/Ruby30/lib/ruby/3.0.0 -r ./siteconf20210424-18200-bi9e9l.rb extconf.rb --with-pg-config\=C:\\Program\ Files\\PostgreSQL\\13\\bin\\pg_config.exe
Using config values from C:\Program Files\PostgreSQL\13\bin\pg_config.exe
checking for libpq-fe.h... yes
checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... yes
checking for pg_config_manual.h... yes
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... no
checking for PQconnectdb() in -llibpq... no
checking for PQconnectdb() in -lms/libpq... no
Can't find the PostgreSQL client library (libpq)
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
mkmf.log
"i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/i386-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0 -I. -IC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -fstack-protector-strong conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby30/lib -LC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -L. -pipe -s -fstack-protector-strong -lmsvcrt-ruby300 -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: int main(int argc, char **argv)
6: {
7: return !!argv[argc];
8: }
/* end */
"i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/i386-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0 -I. -IC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -fstack-protector-strong conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby30/lib -LC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -L. -pipe -s -fstack-protector-strong -lmsvcrt-ruby300 -Wl,-rpath,C:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: int main() {return 0;}
/* end */
find_header: checking for libpq-fe.h... -------------------- yes
"i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -E -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/i386-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0 -I. -IC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -fstack-protector-strong conftest.c -o conftest.i"
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: #include <libpq-fe.h>
/* end */
--------------------
find_header: checking for libpq/libpq-fs.h... -------------------- yes
"i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -E -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/i386-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0 -I. -IC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -fstack-protector-strong conftest.c -o conftest.i"
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: #include <libpq/libpq-fs.h>
/* end */
--------------------
find_header: checking for pg_config_manual.h... -------------------- yes
"i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -E -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/i386-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0 -I. -IC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -fstack-protector-strong conftest.c -o conftest.i"
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: #include <pg_config_manual.h>
/* end */
--------------------
have_library: checking for PQconnectdb() in -lpq... -------------------- no
"i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/i386-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0 -I. -IC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -fstack-protector-strong conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby30/lib -LC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -L. -pipe -s -fstack-protector-strong -Wl,-rpath,C:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -lmsvcrt-ruby300 -lpq -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
C:/Ruby30/msys32/mingw32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/10.2.0/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\crist\AppData\Local\Temp\cch5p7v1.o:conftest.c:(.text+0x7): undefined reference to `PQconnectdb'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: #include <libpq-fe.h>
6:
7: /*top*/
8: extern int t(void);
9: int main(int argc, char **argv)
10: {
11: if (argc > 1000000) {
12: int (* volatile tp)(void)=(int (*)(void))&t;
13: printf("%d", (*tp)());
14: }
15:
16: return !!argv[argc];
17: }
18: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))PQconnectdb; return !p; }
/* end */
"i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/i386-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0 -I. -IC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -fstack-protector-strong conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby30/lib -LC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -L. -pipe -s -fstack-protector-strong -Wl,-rpath,C:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -lmsvcrt-ruby300 -lpq -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
conftest.c:18:13: error: conflicting types for 'PQconnectdb'
18 | extern void PQconnectdb();
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from conftest.c:5:
C:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include/libpq-fe.h:264:16: note: previous declaration of 'PQconnectdb' was here
264 | extern PGconn *PQconnectdb(const char *conninfo);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: #include <libpq-fe.h>
6:
7: /*top*/
8: extern int t(void);
9: int main(int argc, char **argv)
10: {
11: if (argc > 1000000) {
12: int (* volatile tp)(void)=(int (*)(void))&t;
13: printf("%d", (*tp)());
14: }
15:
16: return !!argv[argc];
17: }
18: extern void PQconnectdb();
19: int t(void) { PQconnectdb(); return 0; }
/* end */
--------------------
have_library: checking for PQconnectdb() in -llibpq... -------------------- no
"i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/i386-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0 -I. -IC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -fstack-protector-strong conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby30/lib -LC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -L. -pipe -s -fstack-protector-strong -Wl,-rpath,C:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -lmsvcrt-ruby300 -llibpq -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
C:/Ruby30/msys32/mingw32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/10.2.0/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: C:\Users\crist\AppData\Local\Temp\cc4PD9EV.o:conftest.c:(.text+0x7): undefined reference to `PQconnectdb'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: #include <libpq-fe.h>
6:
7: /*top*/
8: extern int t(void);
9: int main(int argc, char **argv)
10: {
11: if (argc > 1000000) {
12: int (* volatile tp)(void)=(int (*)(void))&t;
13: printf("%d", (*tp)());
14: }
15:
16: return !!argv[argc];
17: }
18: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))PQconnectdb; return !p; }
/* end */
"i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/i386-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0 -I. -IC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -fstack-protector-strong conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby30/lib -LC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -L. -pipe -s -fstack-protector-strong -Wl,-rpath,C:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -lmsvcrt-ruby300 -llibpq -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
conftest.c:18:13: error: conflicting types for 'PQconnectdb'
18 | extern void PQconnectdb();
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from conftest.c:5:
C:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include/libpq-fe.h:264:16: note: previous declaration of 'PQconnectdb' was here
264 | extern PGconn *PQconnectdb(const char *conninfo);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: #include <libpq-fe.h>
6:
7: /*top*/
8: extern int t(void);
9: int main(int argc, char **argv)
10: {
11: if (argc > 1000000) {
12: int (* volatile tp)(void)=(int (*)(void))&t;
13: printf("%d", (*tp)());
14: }
15:
16: return !!argv[argc];
17: }
18: extern void PQconnectdb();
19: int t(void) { PQconnectdb(); return 0; }
/* end */
--------------------
have_library: checking for PQconnectdb() in -lms/libpq... -------------------- no
"i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/i386-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0 -I. -IC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -fstack-protector-strong conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby30/lib -LC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -L. -pipe -s -fstack-protector-strong -Wl,-rpath,C:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -lmsvcrt-ruby300 -lms/libpq -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
C:/Ruby30/msys32/mingw32/bin/../lib/gcc/i686-w64-mingw32/10.2.0/../../../../i686-w64-mingw32/bin/ld.exe: cannot find -lms/libpq
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: #include <libpq-fe.h>
6:
7: /*top*/
8: extern int t(void);
9: int main(int argc, char **argv)
10: {
11: if (argc > 1000000) {
12: int (* volatile tp)(void)=(int (*)(void))&t;
13: printf("%d", (*tp)());
14: }
15:
16: return !!argv[argc];
17: }
18: int t(void) { void ((*volatile p)()); p = (void ((*)()))PQconnectdb; return !p; }
/* end */
"i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -o conftest.exe -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/i386-mingw32 -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0/ruby/backward -IC:/Ruby30/include/ruby-3.0.0 -I. -IC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include -D__USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=1 -DFD_SETSIZE=2048 -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0600 -D__MINGW_USE_VC2005_COMPAT -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -O3 -fno-fast-math -fstack-protector-strong conftest.c -L. -LC:/Ruby30/lib -LC:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -L. -pipe -s -fstack-protector-strong -Wl,-rpath,C:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/lib -lmsvcrt-ruby300 -lms/libpq -lshell32 -lws2_32 -liphlpapi -limagehlp -lshlwapi "
conftest.c:18:13: error: conflicting types for 'PQconnectdb'
18 | extern void PQconnectdb();
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from conftest.c:5:
C:/PROGRA~1/POSTGR~1/13/include/libpq-fe.h:264:16: note: previous declaration of 'PQconnectdb' was here
264 | extern PGconn *PQconnectdb(const char *conninfo);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: #include <winsock2.h>
4: #include <windows.h>
5: #include <libpq-fe.h>
6:
7: /*top*/
8: extern int t(void);
9: int main(int argc, char **argv)
10: {
11: if (argc > 1000000) {
12: int (* volatile tp)(void)=(int (*)(void))&t;
13: printf("%d", (*tp)());
14: }
15:
16: return !!argv[argc];
17: }
18: extern void PQconnectdb();
19: int t(void) { PQconnectdb(); return 0; }
/* end */
--------------------
解决方案
这个问题显然是因为我使用的是 Ruby 的 32 位版本而引起的。安装64位，问题解决。
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