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python - 有时运行有时会出现索引错误

问题描述

我想制作一个随机模拟冠军联赛（足球/足球锦标赛）流程的程序。比赛形式如下：

  1. 每年有 32 支球队晋级。
  2. 然后将这些团队随机分为 8 个组，每组 4 个团队。
  3. 两支球队互相比赛，表现最好的两支球队晋级下一轮（十六强）
  4. 比赛由一次随机选择 2 支球队来决定，限制条件是同一组的两支球队不得再次相遇
  5. 然后获胜者进入下一阶段，依此类推，直到我们有一个获胜者。

在我的程序中，我尝试使用 python 中的 random 模块来实现这种格式。但是，每进行 4-5 次迭代，我在第 16 轮选择步骤或四分之一决赛选择步骤中都会出现索引错误。我似乎无法理解为什么。请帮忙

import random

teams = ["Barcelona", "Atlético Madrid", "Real Madrid", "Valencia", "Manchester City", "Liverpool", "Chelsea", "Tottenham Hotspur", "Juventus", "Napoli", "Atalanta", "Internazionale Milano", "Bayern München", "Borussia Dortmund", "RB Leipzig", "Bayer Leverkusen", "Paris Saint-Germain", "LOSC Lille", "Lyon", "Zenit", "Lokomotiv Moskva", "Benfica", "Shakhtar Donetsk", "Genk", "Club Brugge", "Galatasaray", "Salzburg", "Slavia Praha", "Ajax", "Olympiacos", "GNK Dinamo", "Crvena zvezda"]

random.shuffle(teams) #shuffling the 32 teams

Group_A = []  #making empty lists of all 8 groups
Group_B = []
Group_C = []
Group_D = []
Group_E = []
Group_F = []
Group_G = []
Group_H = []

for i in range(32): #using for loop to add each of the 32 teams in group lists
    if i <=3:
        Group_A.append(teams[i])
    elif i <=7 and i>3:
        Group_B.append(teams[i])
    elif i <=11 and i>7:
        Group_C.append(teams[i])
    elif i <=15 and i>11:
        Group_D.append(teams[i])
    elif i <=19 and i>15:
        Group_E.append(teams[i])
    elif i <=23 and i>19:
        Group_F.append(teams[i])
    elif i <=27 and i>23:
        Group_G.append(teams[i])
    else:
        Group_H.append(teams[i])

GroupDict = [Group_A, Group_B, Group_C, Group_D, Group_E, Group_F, Group_G, Group_H]

#adding all group lists to another list

print("Group A:\n", Group_A) #displaying group stage draws
print("Group B:\n", Group_B)
print("Group C:\n", Group_C)
print("Group D:\n", Group_D)
print("Group E:\n", Group_E)
print("Group F:\n", Group_F)
print("Group G:\n", Group_G)
print("Group H:\n", Group_H)

r16 = [] #making empty list for the round of sixteen

for i in range(8):         #randomly selecting 2 winners from each group and adding
    list = GroupDict[i]    #and adding them to r16 list 2 at a time
    n = 2
    r16.append(random.sample(list, n))

print("\n\nTeams that qualified to the round of 16:",r16)
r16_matches = [] #making an empty list to store randomised matchups

for i in range(16):           #code to select 2 random teams with
    t = random.choice(r16)    #the constraint that no two teams from
    if not t:                 #the same group may face each other again
        continue
    else:
        t1 = random.choice(t)
        t.remove(t1)
    while (1==1):
        s = random.choice(r16)
        if not s:
            continue
        else:
            if r16.index(s) != r16.index(t):
                t2 = random.choice(s)
                s.remove(t2)
                break
            else:
                continue
    match = [t1,t2]
    r16_matches.append(match)

print("\n\nRound of 16 matchups:", r16_matches, "\n\n")

Qfinals = []
Even = [0,2,4,6]

for j in Even: #selecting one winner from each round of sixteen matchup and putting them together, 2 at a time
    qt1 = random.choice(r16_matches[j])
    qt2 = random.choice(r16_matches[j+1])
    qm = [qt1, qt2]
    Qfinals.append(qm)

for l in range(4):
    print("Quarter final ",l+1," : ",Qfinals[l][0], " vs ",Qfinals[l][1])

Sfinals = []

for k in range(4): #selecting a team from each quarter final matchup to face in semifinals, 2 at a time
    S = random.choice(Qfinals[k])
    Sfinals.append(S)

print("\n\nSemi Final teams:", Sfinals)

ft1l = [Sfinals[0], Sfinals[1]]
ft2l = [Sfinals[2], Sfinals[3]]

finals = [random.choice(ft1l), random.choice(ft2l)] #selecting random winner from each semi final

print("\n\nFinals: ", finals) #printing finals

print("\n\nWinner: ", random.choice(finals)) #randomly selecting winner from final

标签： pythonrandom

解决方案

到达线路时：

Qfinals = []
Even = [0,2,4,6]

for j in Even: #selecting one winner from each round of sixteen matchup and putting them together, 2 at a time
    qt1 = random.choice(r16_matches[j])
    qt2 = random.choice(r16_matches[j+1])
    qm = [qt1, qt2]
    Qfinals.append(qm)

有时列表r16_matches只包含 7 个（索引 0-6）而不是 8 个条目（索引 0-7）。当 j 为 6 时，这会导致r16_matches[j+1]引发索引错误。

我想，你需要找到这个错误的根源，才能解决你的索引错误。通常在这种情况下，将代码分解成更小的部分会很有帮助，例如通过使用函数。然后，您可以逐个调试函数并验证它们是否完全符合您的期望。

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