首页 > 解决方案 > 如何仅重新渲染功能组件中的 JSX?

问题描述

我正在通过制作战舰游戏来学习反应。我的网格如下所示:

const [board, setBoard] = 
   useState([{ship: false, beenHit: false}, {ship: true, beenHit: false},
               {ship: true, beenHit: false},{ship: false, beenHit: false},
               {ship: false, beenHit: false},{ship: true, beenHit: false}
              ])

每个字段都是一个对象,有 2 个属性,暗示字段上是否有船,以及玩家是否已经点击过它。我为每个字段分配了 receiveHit() 函数,因此当玩家点击该字段时,它将数组中的对象标记为 {ship: true, benHit: true}。它工作正常,但问题是,网格不会重新渲染自己,所以字段的颜色不会改变。

决定类名(以及字段颜色)的函数:

function decideColor(field){
     if(field.beenHit && field.ship){
        return 'red'
     } else{
         return 'blue'
       }
}

重新生成的 JSX:

return ({
 board.map((field, i)=> <div onClick = {() => board.receiveHit(i)} className = {decideColor(field)}> 
 </div> )
})

它位于功能组件内部。我不能重新渲染整个组件,因为船的位置会改变(它们随机放置在板上)

标签: javascriptreactjsreact-hookscomponents

解决方案


我假设您直接在状态中设置字段。这样,板对象保持不变,并且不会触发重新渲染。您必须重新分配状态,从而创建状态更改以做出反应。问题是:您没有重新渲染整个组件。您的函数正在返回新状态,是的。但是 React 的内部机制决定了哪些需要重新渲染到 DOM 哪些不需要(props 和 keys 在这里发挥作用,请确保使用它们)。以我为例,打开 DevTools 并观察单击框时所做的更改。您将看到只有被点击的 div 被渲染到 DOM。因此,明智的做法是制作许多更小的组件以提高重新渲染的效率。

.board {
  display:flex; 
  width: calc(20em + 20px); /* 10 x 10 field with borders */
  flex-wrap:wrap;
}

.field { 
  display:inline-block;
  width: 2em;
  height: 2em;
  background-color: lightgray;
  border: thin solid black;
}

.field.ship {
  background-color: blue;
}

.field.hit {
  background-color: grey;
}

.field.ship.hit {
  background-color: red;
}

const Field = ({field, ...props}) => {
  return <div {...props}/>
}

const Board = () => {
  // init 10 x 10 board
  const [board, setBoard] = React.useState([...new Array(100)].map((elem, index) => {return {}}));
  const onClick = (event, i) => {
    // This takes the existing board, replaces the element with the index i 
    // with hit set to true. And sets the newly created *copy* as the new 
    // version of the board. It will trigger a re-render but as mentioned
    // before, only the truly changed (in this case className changes) will 
    // rendered to the DOM.
    setBoard(Object.assign([...board], {
        [i]: {
            ...board[i],
            hit: true
        }
    }));
  }  
  
  const decideClassName = (i) => {
    // color is based on the keys and the resulting class combination,
    // field, field ship, field ship hit, and field hit (see CSS)
    return `field ${Object.keys(board[i]).join(" ")}`;
  }
  
  const setShip = (board, x, y, length, type = "horizontal") => {
    const index = y * 10 + x;
    
    for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      board[index + i * (type == "horizontal" ? 1 : 10)].ship = true;  
    }
  }
  
  // init ships
  React.useEffect(() => {
    const copy = [...board];
    setShip(copy, 5,5,4);
    setShip(copy, 2,2,3, "vertical");
    setBoard(copy);
  }, [])
  
  return (
    <div className="board">
      {
        board.map((field, i) => <Field key={`field-${i}`} field={field} onClick={(event) => onClick(event, i)} className={decideClassName(i)}/>)
      }
    </div>

  )
}
    
ReactDOM.render(
    <Board/>,
  document.getElementById('root')
);

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