c++ - CMake 使 dyld 在 /usr/local/lib 下查找库，而不是运行时的实际路径

Question

问题

我正在尝试使用 irrKlang 播放音乐。irrKlang 文件位于我的项目目录中。构建很好，但是当我运行它时它会报告dyld: Library not loaded: /usr/local/lib/libikpFLAC.dylib（应该在我的项目目录中的库）和原因：image not found.
我不明白为什么它会在下查找 dylib/usr/local/lib/以及如何在 CMake 中更改它（不使用 otool 和 install_name_tool）

代码
这是一个简单的项目来实现这一点：

main.cpp：

#include <iostream>
#include "irrKlang.h"

int main() {
    std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl;
    irrklang::ISoundEngine* engine = irrklang::createIrrKlangDevice();

    if (!engine)
        std::cout << "Failed to initialize the engine" << std::endl; // error starting up the engine
    engine->play2D("irrKlang/media/ophelia.mp3", true); // Path referencing error, but this is not the issue here, as the program didn't even make it to Hello World
    return 0;
}

CMakeLists.txt：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.17)
project(Program)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)

message("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}")
file(GLOB IRRKLANG_LIBS "irrKlang/bin/macosx-gcc/*.dylib")
link_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/irrKlang/bin/macosx-gcc")
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH ${CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH} irrKlang/bin/macosx-gcc)
set(IRRKLANG_INCLUDE irrKlang/include)
file(GLOB IRRKLANG_INCLUDE_FILES "${IRRKLANG_INCLUDE}/*.h")
include_directories(${IRRKLANG_INCLUDE})

add_executable(Program main.cpp "${IRRKLANG_INCLUDE_FILES}")
target_link_libraries(Program ${IRRKLANG_LIBS})
target_link_directories(Program PUBLIC "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/irrKlang/bin/macosx-gcc")

我的项目有irrKlang目录树目录：

irrKlang
├── bin
│   ├── dotnet-4-64
│   ├── linux-gcc-64
│   ├── macosx-gcc (with .dylib files in it)
│   └── winx64-visualStudio
├── doc (...)
├── examples (...)
├── examples.net (...)
├── include
├── lib
│   └── Winx64-visualStudio
├── media (with some audio files in it)
└── plugins
    └── ikpMP3
        └── decoder

错误：

dyld: Library not loaded: /usr/local/lib/libikpFLAC.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/mac/Documents/VSCProjects/untitled/cmake-build-debug/Program
  Reason: image not found

OTool（Libs 应该在我的项目目录中并且没有lib前缀）：

/usr/local/lib/libikpFLAC.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/local/lib/libikpMP3.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/local/lib/libirrklang.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
/usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 904.4.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1292.0.0)

这个问题与此不同。解决方案是使用 otool 和 install_name_tool，但是每次构建它时我都必须使用它。我想知道是否有一种方法可以CorrectDirectory/foo.dylib代替/usr/local/lib/foo.dylibCMake 内部使用。

我也尝试过RPath 处理，但这不起作用，我需要通过不安装而是构建和运行它来使其工作。
CMakeLists.txt：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.17)
project(Program)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
# use, i.e. don't skip the full RPATH for the build tree
set(CMAKE_SKIP_BUILD_RPATH FALSE)

# when building, don't use the install RPATH already
# (but later on when installing)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH FALSE)

# the RPATH to be used when installing
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/irrKlang/bin/macosx-gcc")

set(CMAKE_MACOSX_RPATH "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/irrKlang/bin/macosx-gcc")

# don't add the automatically determined parts of the RPATH
# which point to directories outside the build tree to the install RPATH
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH FALSE)

message("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}")
file(GLOB IRRKLANG_LIBS "irrKlang/bin/macosx-gcc/*.dylib")
message("${IRRKLANG_LIBS}")
link_directories("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/irrKlang/bin/macosx-gcc")
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH ${CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH} irrKlang/bin/macosx-gcc)
set(IRRKLANG_INCLUDE irrKlang/include)
file(GLOB IRRKLANG_INCLUDE_FILES "${IRRKLANG_INCLUDE}/*.h")
include_directories("${IRRKLANG_INCLUDE}")

add_executable(Program main.cpp "${IRRKLANG_INCLUDE_FILES}")
target_link_libraries(Program "${IRRKLANG_LIBS}")
target_link_directories(Program PUBLIC "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/irrKlang/bin/macosx-gcc")

更新

现在我用来解决这个问题的方法是在此处添加CMakeLists.txt以下行：

add_custom_command(TARGET Program POST_BUILD
        COMMAND install_name_tool -change /usr/local/lib/libikpFLAC.dylib ${IRRKLANG_LIBDIR}/ikpFLAC.dylib cmake-build-debug/Program
        COMMAND install_name_tool -change /usr/local/lib/libikpMP3.dylib ${IRRKLANG_LIBDIR}/ikpMP3.dylib cmake-build-debug/Program
        COMMAND install_name_tool -change /usr/local/lib/libirrklang.dylib ${IRRKLANG_LIBDIR}/libirrklang.dylib cmake-build-debug/Program
        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
        COMMENT "Changing lib paths"
        )

但是，我想知道我是否可以系统地解决这个问题而不必重复它们，因为可执行文件中引用的 lib 的名称和它实际所在的名称之间可能存在差异（例如.../libikpMP3.dylib，.../ikpMP3.dylib但.../libirrklang.dylib保持相同的名称。

标签： c++macoscmakedyldrpath