python - Pygame，重新启动游戏导致程序关闭

Question

我知道以前有人问过这个问题，但我尝试了不同的方法，但我似乎无法解决它。

我知道我必须重置重要的全局变量才能正确重启游戏。当 live == 0 -> 我重置全局变量时，这些变量的重置完成，主菜单变为 True 并且 Game False 应该让我回到主菜单。

但是，当我运行我的游戏时，只要生命值达到 0，代码就会完成并退出 -> 进程以退出代码 0 完成。

问题一定出在我的 while 游戏循环中，但我不确定我做错了什么。我还尝试将我的游戏逻辑包装在一个函数中，这似乎对我的游戏造成了干扰，因为我只得到冻结状态屏幕，没有敌人产生并且无法移动。

任何想法可能导致此问题？

完整代码：

import pygame
import pygame_gui
import random

# Initialize game window here
pygame.init()

# Variables for the game window
window = pygame.display.set_mode((800, 800))
manager = pygame_gui.UIManager((800, 800))
pygame.display.set_caption('Sea Invaders')
clock = pygame.time.Clock()  # Adds the clock for spawn timers
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont('Calibri', 36)
multiplier_font = pygame.font.SysFont('Calibri', 18)

# Sprites, background, UI and music
background = pygame.image.load('Background.jpg')
whale_sprite = pygame.image.load('Whale.png')
speedboat_sprite = pygame.image.load('Speedboat.png')
beam_sprite = pygame.image.load('Beam.png')
life_sprite = pygame.image.load('Life.png')
pirate_boss_sprite_right = pygame.image.load('Pirateboss_right.png')
game_title = pygame_gui.elements.UILabel(relative_rect=pygame.Rect((200, 100), (400, 100)), text='SEA INVADERS',
                                         manager=manager)
description_box = pygame_gui.elements.UILabel(relative_rect=pygame.Rect((150, 250), (500, 100)),
                                              text='Protect the ocean as long as possible by destroying ships',
                                              manager=manager)
start_button = pygame_gui.elements.UIButton(relative_rect=pygame.Rect((350, 400), (100, 50)), text='Start',
                                            manager=manager)
quit_button = pygame_gui.elements.UIButton(relative_rect=pygame.Rect((350, 450), (100, 50)), text='Quit',
                                           manager=manager)


# Classes
class Player():

    def __init__(self, x, y, width, height):
        # Variables for the Whale go here
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.mov_speed = 5
        self.hitbox = (self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height)

    def draw(self, window):
        # This function draws the whale using the sprite and the defined location in the class parameters
        window.blit(whale_sprite, (self.x, self.y))
        self.hitbox = (self.x, self.y, self.width, self.height)
        # Whale hitbox check
        # pygame.draw.rect(window, (255, 0, 0), self.hitbox, 2)


class Enemy(pygame.sprite.Sprite):

    def __init__(self, width, height, mov_speed):
        # Variables for the various enemies
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.mov_speed = mov_speed
        self.image = speedboat_sprite
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = random.randint(64, 734)
        self.rect.y = random.randrange(-150, -100)
        self.hitbox = (self.rect.x + 22, self.rect.y + 15, 19, 45)
        self.alive = True

    def update(self):
        # This function lets the enemy go forward until the end of the screen
        max_distance = 800 - self.height
        if self.rect.y < max_distance:
            self.rect.y += self.mov_speed

    def hit(self):
        # This function deletes the sprite from the sprite group when hit by an attack from a player
        self.kill()
        self.alive = False


class Boss():
    def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, mov_speed, hitpoints):
        # Variables for the boss objects
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.mov_speed = mov_speed
        self.hitpoints = hitpoints
        self.hitbox = (self.x + 30, self.y + 50, 225, 160)  # Dimensions of the hitbox to make it close to the model
        self.alive = False
        self.killed = False
        self.end_reached = False

    def draw(self, window):
        if self.alive and not self.killed:
            window.blit(pirate_boss_sprite_right, (self.x, self.y))
            self.hitbox = (self.x + 30, self.y + 50, 225, 160)
            pygame.draw.rect(window, (255, 0, 0),
                             (self.x + ((self.width / 2) - (self.hitpoints / 2)), self.y + 220, 50, 10))
            pygame.draw.rect(window, (0, 255, 0),
                             (self.x + ((self.width / 2) - (self.hitpoints / 2)), self.y + 220, self.hitpoints, 10))

            # Pirate Boss hitbox check
            # pygame.draw.rect(window, (255, 0, 0), self.hitbox, 2)

    def move(self):
        # This function moves the boss forward. As soon as the boss reaches the end it spawns lower on the screen.
        # If the end is reached the model is deleted and the end_reached parameter is set tot True.
        max_distance = 800 - self.height
        if self.x < (800 + self.width):
            self.x += self.mov_speed

        else:
            self.y += 100
            self.x = -51

        if self.y >= max_distance:
            self.alive = False
            self.end_reached = True

    def hit(self):
        # As soon as the Whale hitpoints reaches 0, the model is overwritten on screen.
        if self.hitpoints <= 0:
            self.killed = True
            return True


class Projectile():
    def __init__(self, x, y, width, height, speed, damage, image):
        # Variables for the player attacks (ranged)
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.speed = speed
        self.damage = damage
        self.image = image
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()

    def draw(self, window):
        window.blit(self.image, (self.x, self.y))

    def checkCollision(self, enemy):
        # This function checks collision with enemies that belong to a Sprite Group.
        self.rect.x = int(self.x)
        self.rect.y = int(self.y)

        # noinspection PyTypeChecker
        return any(pygame.sprite.spritecollide(self, enemy, True))


class Hud():
    # class to place the HUDS on the screen (lives, score)
    def __init__(self, x, y, sprite):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.sprite = sprite

    def draw(self, window):
        window.blit(self.sprite, (self.x, self.y))


# Methods
def redrawUI():
    window.blit(background, (0, 0))  # Loads in the background
    whale.draw(window)  # Draws the Whale in the game
    window.blit(speedboat_sprite, (100, 100))
    window.blit(speedboat_sprite, (620, 100))
    manager.draw_ui(window)
    if lives == 0:
        text = f'Game over! Your score: {score}.'
        game_over = score_font.render(text, True, (0, 0, 0))
        window.blit(game_over, (200, 200))
    pygame.display.update()


def redrawGameWindow():
    window.blit(background, (0, 0))  # Loads in the background
    whale.draw(window)  # Draws the Whale in the game
    scoreboard = score_font.render(str(score), True, (255, 255, 255))
    multiplier_message = multiplier_font.render(f'multiplier: {multiplier}', True, (255, 255, 255))
    window.blit(scoreboard, (700, 760))
    window.blit(multiplier_message, (85, 766))

    x_life = 0
    # This for loop places the lives next to eachother on the HUD
    for life in range(lives):
        life = Hud(x_life, 760, life_sprite)
        x_life += 25
        life.draw(window)

    for b in bosses:
        b.alive = True
        b.draw(window)
        b.move()

    speedboats.draw(window)
    speedboats.update()

    for fired_beam in beams:
        fired_beam.draw(window)

    pygame.display.update()  # This updates the above changes to the game window

# Game logic here
main_menu = True
game = False
FPS = 100
whale = Player(334, 650, 128, 128)  # Spawns the Player at the start of the game in the middle of the screen
speedboat_locations = (125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800)
speedboats = pygame.sprite.Group()
bosses = []
beams = []
cooldown = 0
lives = 3
score = 0
speedboat_hits = 0
multiplier = 1
start = pygame.time.get_ticks()


while main_menu:
    time_delta = clock.tick(60) / 1000.0
    for event in pygame.event.get():  # this for-loop makes sure the game exits when clicking x
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            main_menu = False

        if event.type == pygame.USEREVENT:
            if event.user_type == pygame_gui.UI_BUTTON_PRESSED:
                if event.ui_element == start_button:
                    game = True
                    main_menu = False
                if event.ui_element == quit_button:
                    main_menu = False

        manager.process_events(event)

    manager.update(time_delta)
    redrawUI()


while game:

    for event in pygame.event.get():  # this for-loop makes sure the game exits when clicking x
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            game = False

    # Life check
    for speedboat in speedboats:
        if speedboat.rect.y >= 734:
            speedboat.kill()
            lives -= 1

        if not speedboat.alive:
            speedboats.remove(speedboat)
    for pirate_boss in bosses:
        if pirate_boss.end_reached and not pirate_boss.killed:
            lives = 0

    if lives == 0:
        whale = Player(334, 650, 128, 128)  # Spawns the Player at the start of the game in the middle of the screen
        speedboat_locations = (125, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800)
        speedboats = pygame.sprite.Group()
        bosses = []
        beams = []
        cooldown = 0
        lives = 3
        score = 0
        speedboat_hits = 0
        multiplier = 1
        main_menu = True
        game = False


    # Basic cooldown for the projectiles of the player
    if cooldown > 0:
        cooldown += 1
    if cooldown > 50:
        cooldown = 0

    # Collision of attacks
    for beam in beams:
        if beam.checkCollision(speedboats):
            speedboat_hits += 1
            score += (25 * multiplier)
            beams.pop(beams.index(beam))
        for pirate_boss in bosses:
            if pirate_boss.alive and not pirate_boss.killed:
                if beam.y - beam.width < pirate_boss.hitbox[1] + pirate_boss.hitbox[3] and beam.y + beam.width > \
                        pirate_boss.hitbox[1]:
                    if beam.x + beam.height > pirate_boss.hitbox[0] and beam.x - beam.height < pirate_boss.hitbox[0] + \
                            pirate_boss.hitbox[2]:
                        pirate_boss.hitpoints -= beam.damage
                        beams.pop(beams.index(beam))
                        alive_check = pirate_boss.hit()
                        if alive_check:
                            multiplier += 1
                            bosses.remove(pirate_boss)

        if beam.y > 0:
            beam.y -= beam.speed  # This makes sure the bullet moves forward as long as it is not of the screen
            beam.rect.center = (beam.x, beam.y)
        else:
            beams.pop(beams.index(beam))  # If the bullet goes of the screen it gets removed from the list

    # --- PLAYER CONTROLS ---
    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()

    if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] and whale.x > whale.mov_speed:
        # Makes sure the whale can move left
        # and prevents the whale from exiting the screen
        whale.x = whale.x - whale.mov_speed

    if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] and whale.x < 800 - whale.mov_speed - whale.width:
        # Makes sure the whale can move right
        # and prevents the whale from exiting the screen
        whale.x = whale.x + whale.mov_speed

    if keys[pygame.K_SPACE] and cooldown == 0:
        # This block of code takes care of the beam-projectile the player can shoot
        if len(beams) < 3:
            beams.append(
                Projectile(round(whale.x + (whale.width // 2) - (32 // 2)), round(whale.y - (32 // 2)), 32, 32, 2,
                           10, beam_sprite))
            # The beam gets spawned at the whale X/Y Coordinate. To make the beam appear in the middle and at the
            # nose we add half the sprites width - half the width of the projectile to the for the x coordinate
            # and we use the y coordinate - half the length of the projectile to make the attack spawn at the top
        cooldown = 1

    # --- ENEMY SPAWNING ---

    now = pygame.time.get_ticks()
    spawn_time = 3000
    speedboat = Enemy(64, 64, 1)
    boss = Boss(1, 1, 256, 256, 1, 50)

    # Game loop to increase difficulty

    if score > 500:
        spawn_time = 2000

    if score > 1000:
        spawn_time = 1500

    if score > 5000:
        speedboat = Enemy(64, 64, 2)
        spawn_time = 2000

    if score > 10000:
        speedboat = Enemy(64, 64, 2)
        spawn_time = 1500

    if now - start > spawn_time:
        start = now
        speedboats.add(speedboat)

    if speedboat_hits >= 10:
        bosses.append(boss)
        speedboat_hits = 0

    redrawGameWindow()
    clock.tick(FPS)

标签： pythonpygame

Answer 1

您正在设置 game = False，但在 while 循环中使用它。一旦游戏设置为 False，while 循环就会退出并且游戏结束。如果您想这样做，请在 while 循环中使用另一个变量：

running = True
while running:
  if game:
     game_loop()
  elif menu:
     menu_loop()

然后使用游戏和菜单作为开关来决定要显示的内容。