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c# - ASP.NET Core 5.0 JWT 身份验证抛出 401 代码

问题描述

我有一个使用 JWT 身份验证的 ASP.NET Core 5.0 API。

我现在要做的就是读取按钮中的标记

@Html.ActionLink("Test","Oper","Home")

它是[Authorize]标题并根据我的标准验证它们。我不知道错过了什么，但它总是返回 HTTP 401 代码。

测试添加此代码

app.UseCors(x => x.AllowAnyHeader()
                  .AllowAnyMethod()
                  .WithOrigins("https://localhost:4200"));

错误：

System.InvalidOperationException：CORS 协议不允许同时指定通配符（任何）来源和凭据。如果需要支持凭据，请通过列出各个来源来配置 CORS 策略。

连接终端的pty主机进程无响应，终端可能停止工作

这不是一个 Angular 项目。

这是Startup.cs：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders;
using System.IO;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;

namespace JWTtokenMVC
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddControllersWithViews();
            services.AddCors(options =>
            {
                options.AddPolicy("CorsPolicy", builder => builder.AllowAnyOrigin().AllowAnyMethod().AllowAnyHeader().AllowCredentials().Build());
            });

            services.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
            .AddJwtBearer(options =>
            {
                options.IncludeErrorDetails = true;
                options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters
                {
                    NameClaimType ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/name",
                    RoleClaimType ="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/role",
                    ValidateIssuer = true,
                    ValidateAudience = false,
                    ValidateLifetime = true,
                    ValidateIssuerSigningKey = true,
                    ValidIssuer = Configuration["Jwt:Issuer"],
                    ValidAudience = Configuration["Jwt:Issuer"],
                    IssuerSigningKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Configuration["Jwt:Key"])

                    )
                };
            });
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
                // The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts.
                app.UseHsts();
            }

            app.UseHttpsRedirection();
            app.UseStaticFiles();
            app.UseStaticFiles(new StaticFileOptions
            {
                FileProvider = new PhysicalFileProvider(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "Test_modules")),
                RequestPath = "/" + "Test_modules"
            });
            app.UseCookiePolicy();

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseAuthentication();

            app.UseAuthorization();
            app.UseCors(x => x.AllowAnyHeader()
                              .AllowAnyMethod()
                              .WithOrigins("https://localhost:4200"));

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                    name: "default",
                    pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            });
        }
    }
}

这是HomeController.cs- 登录获取 Jwt 令牌就可以了：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using JWTtokenMVC.Models;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using JWTtokenMVC.Models.Test;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Security.Claims;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;

namespace JWTtokenMVC.Controllers
{
    public class HomeController : Controller
    {
        private IConfiguration _config;

        public HomeController(IConfiguration config)
        {
            _config = config;
        }

        public IActionResult Index()
        {
            return View();
        }

        public IActionResult Privacy()
        {
            return View();
        }

        [ResponseCache(Duration = 0, Location = ResponseCacheLocation.None, NoStore = true)]
        public IActionResult Error()
        {
            return View(new ErrorViewModel { RequestId = Activity.Current?.Id ?? HttpContext.TraceIdentifier });
        }

        private string GenerateJSONWebToken(UserPaul userinfo)
        {
            var securityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_config["Jwt:Key"]));
            var credentials = new SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
            var claims = new[]
            {
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub,userinfo.Username),
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Email,userinfo.Email),
                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti,Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
            };
            var token = new JwtSecurityToken(
                issuer: _config["Jwt:Issuer"],
                audience: _config["Jwt:Issuer"],
                claims,
                expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(10),
                signingCredentials: credentials
                );
            var encodetoken = new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);

            var cookieOptions = new CookieOptions();
            //cookieOptions.Expires = DateTimeOffset.UtcNow.AddHours(12);//you can set this to a suitable timeframe for your situation
            cookieOptions.HttpOnly = true;
            cookieOptions.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(1);
            //cookieOptions.Domain = Request.Host.Value;
            cookieOptions.Path = "/";
            Response.Cookies.Append("jwt", encodetoken, cookieOptions);

            return encodetoken;
        }

        [HttpPost]
        public IActionResult Login()
        {
            string AccountNumber="TestUser";
            JWTtokenMVC.Models.TestContext userQuery = new JWTtokenMVC.Models.TestContext();
            var query = userQuery.Testxxxx.Where(N => N.UserId ==AccountNumber).FirstOrDefault();
            IActionResult response = Unauthorized();

            if (query != null)
            {
                var tokenStr = GenerateJSONWebToken(query);
                response = Ok(new { token = tokenStr });
            }

            return response;
        }

        [Authorize]
        [HttpGet("Home/Oper")]
        public IActionResult Oper()
        {
            var authenticationCookieName = "jwt";
            var cookie = HttpContext.Request.Cookies[authenticationCookieName];
            List<Test_SHOW> sHOWs = new List<Test_SHOW>();
            JWTtokenMVC.Models.Test.TestContext userQuery= new JWTtokenMVC.Models.Test.TestContext();
            var query = userQuery.Test.Select(T => new Test_SHOW
            {
                number= T.number,
                name= T.name,
                mail= T.mail

            }).OrderBy(o => o.Iid);

            sHOWs.AddRange(query);

            return View("Views/Home/Oper.cshtml", sHOWs);
        }
    }
}

这是Test.cshtml：

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Home Page";
}

@inject Microsoft.AspNetCore.Antiforgery.IAntiforgery Xsrf
@functions{
    public string GetAntiXsrfRequestToken()
    {
        return Xsrf.GetAndStoreTokens(Context).RequestToken;
    }
}

<input type="hidden" id="RequestVerificationToken"
       name="RequestVerificationToken" value="@GetAntiXsrfRequestToken()">


<form method="post" asp-antiforgery="false">
<!--form -->


    <div>
        <span style="color:red">@ViewBag.Msg</span>
    </div>

    <div class="col-md-4 select-outline">
</div>
    <button type="button" class="btn btn-light">@Html.ActionLink("Test","Oper","Home")</button>
  <button type="button" class="btn btn-light">@Html.ActionLink("TestLogin","Login","Home")</button>

</form>

最后是Oper.cshtml：

@using JWTtokenMVC.Models.Test
@model List<Test_SHOW>

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "test";
}

<h2>Test List</h2>

<table class="table table-hover">
    <tr>
        <th>
          number
        </th>
        <th>
           name
        </th>
        <th>
            mail
        </th>
    </tr>
    @foreach (var item in Model)
    {    
        <tr>
             <td>
                @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.number)
            </td>
            <td>
                <span class='text-danger'>@Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.name)</span>
            </td>
            <td>
                  <span class='text-danger'>@Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.mail)</span>
            </td>
        </tr>
    }
</table>

这是我的appsettings.json文件：

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "TestInformation",
      "Microsoft": "TestWarning",
      "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "TestInformation"
    }
  },
  "AllowedHosts": "*",
  "Jwt": {
    "Key": "TestProdigy",
    "Issuer": "Test.mail.com"
  }
}

标签： c#asp.net-corejwtasp.net-core-mvc

解决方案

@Patriom Sarkar 的回答解决了您的 CORS 问题/错误

关于您的 401 未经授权的回复

这些可能与 CORS 无关。

您在这里遇到的问题是您已将 JwtBearer JSON Web 令牌配置为出现在对Authorize端点的请求中。默认情况下，它将使用 Authorization 请求标头中存在的 Bearer 令牌。

这意味着，为了导航/调用Oper()，您需要确保“Authorization: Bearer {token}”存在且具有有效令牌（作为请求标头）。

目前，在您的Login处理中，您正在生成令牌并这样做Set-Cookie，以便用户代理/客户端使用令牌作为值创建“jwt”cookie；但是，用户代理不会将该 jwt cookie 作为 Authorization: Bearer Token 自动添加到后续请求的标头中。因此，属性端点上的JwtBearer配置Authorize将无效。

另外值得注意的是，在 SPA 框架中支持并正常设置 Xhr 或 Fetch 操作中的标头（包括 Cookie 存储的 jwt_tokens）。但是，您在这里不是在执行 Xhr 或 Fetch 请求，而是在执行 html 表单发布工作流/机制 - 导航页面/视图。在这方面，无法在客户端设置授权标头（AFAIK）。

要在此处支持页面/视图导航，您需要在服务器端实现一个解决方案，该解决方案使用传递的jwtcookie 设置令牌。

该解决方案在 ASP.NET Core 从 Cookie 中读取 JWT 令牌而不是@Kirk Larkin的标头中进行了介绍

    .AddJwtBearer(options => {
            options.Events = new JwtBearerEvents
            {
                OnMessageReceived = context =>
                {
                    context.Token = context.Request.Cookies["jwt"];
                    return Task.CompletedTask;
                }
            };
        });

此外

context.Token在此范围内始终为null空。此声明和分配不会发生预处理或后处理。如果您打算支持授权标头和 Cookie，则应在此OnMessageReceived分配的委托中实现该条件。

您可以在 GitHub 上查看 JwtBearerHandler (aspnetcore 5.0)的默认处理。

再次感谢@Kirk Larkin 在对链接问题的回复评论中提供此附加信息。

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