authentication - Microsoft Graph:如何在客户端凭据流中使用证书获取访问令牌?(而不是使用 client_secret)
问题描述
目标
我想使用证书而不是针对 Microsoft Graph 的客户端密码对我的守护程序应用程序进行身份验证,并希望了解成功进行身份验证所需的确切请求。
使用以下资源:
- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-client-creds-grant-flow#second-case-access-token-request-with-a-certificate
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/auth-v2-service- https://laurakokkarinen.com/authenticating-to-office-365-apis-with-a-certificate-step-by-step/
https://winprotocoldoc.blob.core.windows.net/productionwindowsarchives/MS-OAPX/%5BMS-OAPX%5D.pdf
您的应用程序的 Azure AD 配置是否存在错误?
所有 Azure AD 配置之前都使用client-secret
. 证书公钥也是事先上传的:
请求和问题
我设法创建了这个请求(租户 ID、客户端 ID、证书只是假人)
价值观:
grant_type
: urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt-bearer
client_assertion_type
: logon_cert
client_id
: my-client-id-from-azure
scope
: https://graph.microsoft.com/.default
client_assertion
: JWT 包含
标头:(x5t 包含来自上传证书的 base64 编码证书 sha1 指纹,见上图)
{ "typ": "JWT", "x5t": "QUY4RjBERERGMDBBOURGRUQ0MzkzODRGQTYzMjhFQ0FBRDNBOEUzNw", "alg": "RS256" }
有效载荷:
{ "iss": "my-client-id-from-azure", "sub": "my-client-id-from-azure", "scope": "https://graph.microsoft.com/.default", "aud": "https://login.microsoftonline.com/my-tenant-id/oauth2/v2.0/token", "iat": 1625591612, "nbf": 1625591612, "exp": 1625595212, "jti": "some-dynamically-generated-uuid" }
要求:
POST https://login.microsoftonline.com/my-tenant-id/oauth2/v2.0/token
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
client_assertion_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Aclient-assertion-type%3Ajwt-bearer&client_assertion=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJ4NXQiOiJSRFUwTUVRd016RkdOakpGTUVOQk5UaEVPVFpGTXpBNFFrRkZNMFUzTmpFd01USkVPRFUwUWc9PSIsImFsZyI6IlJTMjU2In0.eyJpc3MiOiJteS1jbGllbnQtaWQtZnJvbS1henVyZSIsInNjb3BlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9ncmFwaC5taWNyb3NvZnQuY29tLy5kZWZhdWx0IiwiYXVkIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9sb2dpbi5taWNyb3NvZnRvbmxpbmUuY29tL215LXRlbmFudC1pZC9vYXV0aDIvdjIuMC90b2tlbiIsImlhdCI6MTYyNTY2MDU3MywibmJmIjoxNjI1NjYwNTczLCJzdWIiOiJteS1jbGllbnQtaWQtZnJvbS1henVyZSIsImp0aSI6IjlhZTQwYTk2LTliMTgtNDRhOS1hOWM3LWE3NDZjMjA4OGUxMyIsImV4cCI6MTYyNTY2NDE3M30.pw81FeQirjIsnXGlLSLDG5Cz4rIdOuF54M8fPmDlubNs0-DoHpkj9OdrCXlCPDWvQLaYAs3mH9kcSP-Z4rf-NgaiCF-ECL-iA2xxvQ3n8JSDeaPPkLd6tMAKeMm5sEIcap7RJ8Fnt1kCflVAOIuYCh_zijJd9etQj-2wfbtiHnHtlpg6n0-4u7oj9wAx2naIU6J4dtgdIPypBTfwxyXtZWy0nkM8jde6Jr7CqVVlECdf7wyGwN1Jhwf6PeihKn8peQKaXzVnMmLpcCmjNENnTRM5PmhEQkCGOOR4hMJkdfCONWmOtSoRlndhCQypBQM-fzl_-sDviXNjAYKvrYTUM-kwZZBqKyzdekqMnxxwnaKmF1uGVnrSjad_AfW0A9Vg9UpaqGvsbe8Doq15I7KE46kzd4y3fDoibDQG-qaYL8LYKcrVUDkTw_PNfiyihlcaGjBvHVaMBsYhJJlNnohktO0OES0WO0iUlj_M0PuOF7JxYsPAQZM5uZGPTRCQhen_8khQ8z70C2YYz965kCROL9-WC53Ezbt1R0QjHR4UupV3CtQfZe_BkTG8vYu7SMWbxDEGZKb6cRsTCgzqmd6l3f6OGojQA_EAvFJpL0kw0d_tfYnY4ZkyLdcI3G3fMyhicm7qmkiq7ZRdnGL2uCl-tpxsoLD7UbvVPD3CS_LNAp4&client_id=my-client-id-from-azure&scope=https%3A%2F%2Fgraph.microsoft.com%2F.default&grant_type=client_credentials
回复:
我期待一个访问令牌,相反,我得到一个401 Unauthorized
说明
{
"error": "invalid_client",
"error_description": "AADSTS700027: Client assertion contains an invalid signature. [Reason - The key was not found., Thumbprint of key used by client: 'some-other-thumbprint', Please visit the Azure Portal, Graph Explorer or directly use MS Graph to see configured keys for app Id 'my-app-id'. Review the documentation at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/deployments to determine the corresponding service endpoint and https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/api/application-get?view=graph-rest-1.0&tabs=http to build a query request URL, such as 'https://graph.microsoft.com/beta/applications/my-app-id']\r\nTrace ID: some-uuid\r\nCorrelation ID: some-other-uuid\r\nTimestamp: 2021-07-07 12:25:46Z",
"error_codes": [
700027
],
"timestamp": "2021-07-06 12:25:46Z",
"trace_id": "some-uuid",
"correlation_id": "some-other-uuid",
"error_uri": "https://login.microsoftonline.com/error?code=700027"
}
我不知道问题可能是什么。
问题:
我究竟做错了什么?
解决方案
所以问题来自x5t
创建标头的方式。
hex
我误解了在编码之前明确说明指纹是 a 的文档base64
:
使用这样的指纹204C837E10143C1428D7911CB60ED0075C3E1062
,字符串需要被视为 HEX 二进制文件,而不是简单的字符串。
示例(PHP):
伪代码:
// load certificate
certificate = load_file('/path/to/cert.pem')
// fingerprint is hex string 204C837E10143C1428D7911CB60ED0075C3E1062
certificate_fingerprint_hex_string = x509fingerprint($certificate)
// hexademical string is being converted to binary format
certificate_fingerprint_binary = hex_to_binary(certificate_fingerprint_hex_string)
// binary format gets base64 encoded (not base64url) to IEyDfhAUPBQo15Ectg7QB1w+EGI=
x5t = base64_encode(certificate_fingerprint_binary)
请求(文档)
Method
和headers
POST https://login.microsoftonline.com/my-tenant-id/oauth2/v2.0/token
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8
正文(尚未根据 Content-Type 格式化)
client_id
:my-client-id-from-azure
client_assertion_type
:urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:jwt- bearer
client_assertion
:请参阅下面的 JWT单击此处了解详细信息grant_type
:client_credentials
scope
:https://graph.microsoft.com/.default
client_assertion
标头:(
x5t
包含上传证书的base64编码证书sha1指纹,见上图){ "typ": "JWT", "x5t": "IEyDfhAUPBQo15Ectg7QB1w+EGI=", "alg": "RS256" }
有效载荷:
{ "iss": "my-client-id-from-azure", "sub": "my-client-id-from-azure", "scope": "https://graph.microsoft.com/.default", "aud": "https://login.microsoftonline.com/my-tenant-id/oauth2/v2.0/token", "iat": 1625591612, "nbf": 1625591612, "exp": 1625595212, "jti": "some-dynamically-generated-uuid" }
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