javascript - D3.js WordCloud：单词重叠并且有奇怪的间距和分布
问题描述
我对 D3.js 相当陌生，我正在尝试使用Jason Davies的 D3 wordcloud 库制作一个 wordcloud。我不确定为什么不常见的单词会重叠，并且单词的分布是这样的，中间有很多空格。我希望它更加简洁和结构化。这是
我在这里看到了类似的问题，并且尝试了很多前面提到的解决方案，例如：
- 更改 svg 和画布尺寸。
- 更改字体样式，例如
.font('Helvetica') - 使用 10 个单词、30 个单词和 50 个单词的变体。
- 指定这样的文本访问器函数
.text(function(d) { return d.word; }) - 探索选项
.padding() - 用过的
.rotate(0)
这是我在 JS Fiddle上的代码。
对于单词的大小，而不是单词frequency的出现，我rank在我的代码中使用。这是因为由于我的数据集中的异常值，大小被打乱了。假设最高频率为 32，最低频率为 1，则两种尺寸之间存在很大差异，因为它们是按比例映射的。
所以我选择根据rank. 我使用 Javascript 对这些数据进行排序。
这是我在这里的第一个问题，如果有不清楚的地方，请道歉。希望有任何反馈或帮助/解决方案！
提前非常感谢:)
// set the dimensions and margins of the graph
var margin = { top: 10, right: 10, bottom: 10, left: 10 },
width = 600 - margin.left - margin.right,
height = 550 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
var dataset = {
"talk": 2,
"customer": 3,
"helpful": 1,
"upgrade": 2,
"excite": 12,
"yesterday": 6,
"feedback": 5,
"staging": 2,
"good": 12,
"work": 28,
"nice": 9,
"ship": 4,
"cool": 5,
"planner": 2,
"homepage": 2,
"awesome": 2,
"call": 3,
"week": 20,
"monthly": 2,
"focus": 6,
"marketing": 6,
"website": 7,
"annoy": 2,
"launch": 5,
"today": 7,
"nashville": 5,
"people": 8,
"golf": 2,
"afternoon": 6,
"snow": 6,
"tomorrow": 8,
"ph": 5,
"email": 4,
"exist": 2,
"user": 13,
"time": 14,
"morning": 13,
"early": 4,
"add": 4,
"product": 8,
"day": 13,
"block": 4,
"weekend": 7,
"bitcoin": 1,
"trillion": 1,
"move": 5,
"peep": 2,
"integration": 6,
"drive": 5,
"help": 4
}
// append the svg object to the body of the page
var svg = d3.select("#my_dataviz").append("svg")
.attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.append("g")
.attr("transform",
"translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");
// convert word dictionary from json into a LIST for d3 graphs
var word_list = Object.entries(dataset)
// sort based on its value
word_list = word_list.sort(function(a, b) { return a[1] - b[1]; });
// For color gradient: computing max and min values for mapping color
var maxValue = d3.max(word_list, function(d) { return d[1] });
var minValue = d3.min(word_list, function(d) { return d[1] });
// Color gradient scale for highest to lowest shade
var color = d3.scaleSequential()
.interpolator(d3.interpolatePurples) // built in purple color scheme
.domain([minValue, maxValue - 3]);
// create function for the range of colors
function get_rgb(from_percentage, to_percentage, value) {
return (maxValue * from_percentage / 100 + value * (to_percentage - from_percentage) / 100)
}
var prev_frequency = 0
var rank = 0
word_list.forEach(function(d) {
var frequency = d[1]
if (frequency != prev_frequency) {
rank += 1
}
d.rank = rank
prev_frequency = frequency
d.color = color(get_rgb(50, 100, frequency)); // enter the range: "from" and "to" value of the color scale here
});
// Constructs a new cloud layout instance. It runs an algorithm to find the position of words that suits your requirements
// Wordcloud features that are different from one word to the other must be here
var layout = d3.layout.cloud()
.size([width - 150, height - 200])
.words(word_list)
.padding(7) //space between words
.rotate(0)
.font('Helvetica')
.fontWeight("bold")
.fontSize(function(d) { return d.rank; }) // font size of words
.text(function(d) { return d[0]; })
.on("end", draw);
layout.start();
// This function takes the output of 'layout' above and draw the words
// Wordcloud features that are THE SAME from one word to the other can be here
function draw(words) {
d3.select('#my_dataviz')
.append('div')
.attr('id', 'tooltip');
// .attr('style', 'position: absolute; opacity: 0;');
svg
.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(" + layout.size()[0] / 2 + "," + layout.size()[1] / 2 + ")")
.selectAll("text")
.data(words)
.enter().append("text")
.style("font-size", function(d) { return 5 + d.rank * 5 / 6; })
// .style("fill", "#69b3a2")
.attr("text-anchor", "middle")
.style("font-family", "Helvetica")
// .attr('font-family', 'Impact')
.attr("fill", function(d) { return d.color; })
.attr("transform", function(d) {
return "translate(" + [d.x, d.y] + ")rotate(" + d.rotate + ")";
})
.text(function(d) { return d[0]; })
.on('mouseover', function(event, d) {
d3.select('#tooltip')
.style('opacity', 1)
.text(`${d[1]} times`)
.style('left', (event.pageX) + 'px')
.style('top', (event.pageY) + 'px')
})
.on('mouseout', function(event, d) {
d3.select('#tooltip')
.style('opacity', 0)
});
}#tooltip {
position: absolute;
opacity: 0;
background-color: rgba(136, 136, 136, 0.884);
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 5pt;
border-radius: 2px;
padding: 3px;
pointer-events: none;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.842);
letter-spacing: 0.25px;
}<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!-- Load d3.js -->
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v6.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
<!-- Load d3-cloud -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/holtzy/D3-graph-gallery@master/LIB/d3.layout.cloud.js"></script>
<script src="//d3js.org/d3-scale-chromatic.v0.3.min.js"></script>
<body>
<div id="my_dataviz"></div>
<script type="text/javascript" , src="wordcloud.js"></script>
</body>解决方案
您在布局使用的字体大小之间存在差异：
.fontSize(function(d) { return d.rank; }) // font size of words
以及您绘制的字体大小：
.style("font-size", function(d) { return 5 + d.rank * 5 / 6; })
您想让布局考虑您正在绘制的文本的大小，因此您应该更新布局生成器以使用正确的字体大小：
.fontSize(function(d) { return 5 + d.rank * 5 / 6; })
// set the dimensions and margins of the graph
var margin = { top: 10, right: 10, bottom: 10, left: 10 },
width = 600 - margin.left - margin.right,
height = 550 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
var dataset = {
"talk": 2,
"customer": 3,
"helpful": 1,
"upgrade": 2,
"excite": 12,
"yesterday": 6,
"feedback": 5,
"staging": 2,
"good": 12,
"work": 28,
"nice": 9,
"ship": 4,
"cool": 5,
"planner": 2,
"homepage": 2,
"awesome": 2,
"call": 3,
"week": 20,
"monthly": 2,
"focus": 6,
"marketing": 6,
"website": 7,
"annoy": 2,
"launch": 5,
"today": 7,
"nashville": 5,
"people": 8,
"golf": 2,
"afternoon": 6,
"snow": 6,
"tomorrow": 8,
"ph": 5,
"email": 4,
"exist": 2,
"user": 13,
"time": 14,
"morning": 13,
"early": 4,
"add": 4,
"product": 8,
"day": 13,
"block": 4,
"weekend": 7,
"bitcoin": 1,
"trillion": 1,
"move": 5,
"peep": 2,
"integration": 6,
"drive": 5,
"help": 4
}
// append the svg object to the body of the page
var svg = d3.select("#my_dataviz").append("svg")
.attr("width", width + margin.left + margin.right)
.attr("height", height + margin.top + margin.bottom)
.append("g")
.attr("transform",
"translate(" + margin.left + "," + margin.top + ")");
// convert word dictionary from json into a LIST for d3 graphs
var word_list = Object.entries(dataset)
// sort based on its value
word_list = word_list.sort(function(a, b) { return a[1] - b[1]; });
// For color gradient: computing max and min values for mapping color
var maxValue = d3.max(word_list, function(d) { return d[1] });
var minValue = d3.min(word_list, function(d) { return d[1] });
// Color gradient scale for highest to lowest shade
var color = d3.scaleSequential()
.interpolator(d3.interpolatePurples) // built in purple color scheme
.domain([minValue, maxValue - 3]);
// create function for the range of colors
function get_rgb(from_percentage, to_percentage, value) {
return (maxValue * from_percentage / 100 + value * (to_percentage - from_percentage) / 100)
}
var prev_frequency = 0
var rank = 0
word_list.forEach(function(d) {
var frequency = d[1]
if (frequency != prev_frequency) {
rank += 1
}
d.rank = rank
prev_frequency = frequency
d.color = color(get_rgb(50, 100, frequency)); // enter the range: "from" and "to" value of the color scale here
});
// Constructs a new cloud layout instance. It runs an algorithm to find the position of words that suits your requirements
// Wordcloud features that are different from one word to the other must be here
var layout = d3.layout.cloud()
.size([width, height])
.words(word_list)
.padding(2) //space between words
.rotate(0)
.font('Helvetica')
.fontWeight("bold")
.fontSize(function(d) { return 15 + d.rank * 5 / 3; })
.text(function(d) { return d[0]; })
.on("end", draw);
layout.start();
// This function takes the output of 'layout' above and draw the words
// Wordcloud features that are THE SAME from one word to the other can be here
function draw(words) {
d3.select('#my_dataviz')
.append('div')
.attr('id', 'tooltip');
// .attr('style', 'position: absolute; opacity: 0;');
svg
.append("g")
.attr("transform", "translate(" + layout.size()[0] / 2 + "," + layout.size()[1] / 2 + ")")
.selectAll("text")
.data(words)
.enter().append("text")
.attr("font-size", function(d) { return 15 + d.rank * 5 / 3 + "px"; })
// .style("fill", "#69b3a2")
.attr("text-anchor", "middle")
.style("font-family", "Helvetica")
// .attr('font-family', 'Impact')
.attr("fill", function(d) { return d.color; })
.attr("transform", function(d) {
return "translate(" + [d.x, d.y] + ")rotate(" + d.rotate + ")";
})
.text(function(d) { return d[0]; })
.on('mouseover', function(event, d) {
d3.select('#tooltip')
.style('opacity', 1)
.text(`${d[1]} times`)
.style('left', (event.pageX) + 'px')
.style('top', (event.pageY) + 'px')
})
.on('mouseout', function(event, d) {
d3.select('#tooltip')
.style('opacity', 0)
});
}#tooltip {
position: absolute;
opacity: 0;
background-color: rgba(136, 136, 136, 0.884);
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 5pt;
border-radius: 2px;
padding: 3px;
pointer-events: none;
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.842);
letter-spacing: 0.25px;
}<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!-- Load d3.js -->
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v6.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
<!-- Load d3-cloud -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/holtzy/D3-graph-gallery@master/LIB/d3.layout.cloud.js"></script>
<script src="//d3js.org/d3-scale-chromatic.v0.3.min.js"></script>
<body>
<div id="my_dataviz"></div>
<script type="text/javascript" , src="wordcloud.js"></script>
</body>
（在输入循环中设置字体大小时，在渲染文本时指定单位也没有什么坏处——除了上面提到的更改之外，我还做了一个更改）
至于调整g元素的大小：这是其中内容的函数：您可以使用更大的字体大小并增加提供给词云布局生成器的大小（正如我在上面所做的那样）。
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